
Copyright^?. 



COPYRIGHT DEPOSIT. 



Digitized by the Internet Archive 
in 2011 with funding from 
The Library of Congress 



http://www.archive.org/details/squadronofunitedOOswin 



To his very dear friends, 

Doctor Charles B. Marston and family, 

of San Rafael, California, 

this volume is affectionately inscribed 

by the author. 



A SQUADRON OF THE 
UNITED STATES NAVY 

On a Friendly Cruise Around 
Latin America 



BY 

WILLIAM WALLACE SWINYER 



PRICE f 1.50 

Mail Orders to 

The New Era Publishing Company 

1 2 1 4 Fifty-second Avenue 

Oakland, California 

1918 



,3 



CONTENTS 



CHAPTER ONE PAGE 1 

San Diego, California; San Jose de Guatemala; Shark Fishing; The Southern 
Cross; Burial at Sea; Balboa and Panama City; the Panama Canal; Christobal and 
Colon; Crossing the Line (HOT STUFF), etc. 

CHAPTER TWO PAGE 14 

Bahia, Brazil; Coaling Ship; Entrance to Guanabara Bay; English and French 
Men of War; Fourth of July at Rio de Janeiro; Description of Rio de Janeiro and 
the Brazilian Nation. 

CHAPTER THREE PAGE 28 

Reception at Montevideo; Young Men's Christian Association; The City of 
Montevideo and Uruguay Described; Dr. Zorilla San Martin's Address; Ascent of 
the Rio de Laplata; Death of Clay Tenney Lyles; Arrival at Buenos Aires; An In- 
discreet German; Argentina's Beception; Notation on Argentina and Buenos Aires; 
"La Epoca" Editorial. 

CHAPTER FOUR PAGE 49 

Transfer of the Admiral; Transferring the Home-going Draft to the Orion; 
Woman Overboard; Death of Earl Crawford; Departure from Guanabara Bay; 
Nature Through a Port Hole; A Glorious Sunset; Sunday on/ the Orion; "Home, 
Sweet Home"; Description of Hampton Roads, including the Naval Hospital; 
Yorktown Battlefield; Tomb of Washington. 

SUPPLEMENTARY CHAPTER PAGE 60 

Officers and Men Who Made History; Tribute to the American Bluejacket; 
Author's Opinion of the U. S. Navy; Roster of Officers and Men; Discipline on a 
Ship; Life Aboard Ship; Pan-American Nearly Solid in Pro-Ally Spirit; Log of 
Dates and Distances; Fads and Fancies. 



ILLUSTRATIONS 

CHAPTER ONE — Frontispiece; In Memoriam; The Pittsburg Entering Ga tun 
Locks; King Neptune and His Court; Initiation of Candidates; Neptune Versus 
Napoleon. •*•, j 

CHAPTER TW€C— July 4th at Rio De Janeiro (Seven Views); Another Cluster 
of Seven Views at Rio; Avenida Central. 

CHAPTER THREE— Interior of Y. M. C. A. at Montevideo; An Idea of an 
American Sailor; Pro-Ally Demonstration at Buenos Aires (Five Views); Argentine 
Parliament Building; A Vision in SPARS. 

CHAPTER FOUR— Another Fourth of July Scene; War Map of Latin 
America. 




■ 

m -8 I9S8 

©CI.A481944 



PROLOGUE. 

At the outset of the following story the writer begs leave to 
mention that, as a result of the journey therein 'alb out to be de- 
scribed, his own ideas concerning Latin America have shifted. 
Heretofore this particular domain has been a sort of minus quan- 
tity that did not come within the radius of his scope. 

Yes, North America hasn't a monopoly on all of the good 
things that are to be found upon the AVestern Hemisphere, and 
your humble servant is glad of it. Latin Americans are different, 
but by no means inferior, to other enlightened people. Their coun- 
try is ahead of North America in apparently so many important 
ways as the latter excels the former in others. Surely all 
Americans have reason to take pride in their own country, every 
foot of it, from Hudson Bay to Cape Horn. 

Each man of the United States squadron was so sincerely wel- 
comed throughout Latin America that none of them, so far as I 
know, had a chance to see anything that did not appeal to his 
better nature. Therefore the writer is enabled to make mention 
of only the things that ennoble rather than of those that degrade. 

The southern portion of America undoubtedly has, just like 
the region up north, many disturbing elements to contend with; 
but, you may depend upon it, that it is strictly alert thereto. It is 
amazing how so many discordant elements can be held so severely 
in restraint as they are in most of the Latin American common- 
wealths. The efficient manner in which United States sailors were 
everywhere shielded from petty annoyances pleased the lads. 

"When it comes right down to sincere hospitality, oh, say! 
enough said ! ! Just go south once and there, under the southern 
cross, learn the meaning of Simpatico. Satisfy yourself as to 
whether the people are not of an unusually friendly type, and, if 
this friendship is not genuine. A few of us, who had not journeyed 
abroad before, expected to find a sort of semi-wilderness in the 
southern clime. All of this notion was dispelled in the very first 
Latin American town that we struck. 



IN MEMORIAM. 




CLAY TE1NNEY LYLES 

Died July 22, 1917. 

Body sent to Garland, Texas. 



EARL HASTINGS CRAWFORD, 

Died Sept. 19, 1917. 

Buried at Houston, Texas. 



E. D. WETTSTE1N, 

Of Bremerton, Wash., 

Died May 16, 1917, in Guatemalan 

Waters. 

Buried at Sea. 



A SQUADRON OF THE 
UNITED STATES NAVY 

On a Friendly Cruise Around 
Latin America 

Copyright, 1918, by William Wallace Swinyer 

CHAPTER I. 

The writer enlisted in the United States Naval Coast Reserve, 
for service on shore, and was not surprised at suddenly finding him- 
self aboard of a cruiser. His presumption was that, after being 
properly outfitted, he would be assigned to duty at some naval 
station. Had he any idea that an extensive cruise was in store, then 
a decided objection would have been made, and especially at San 
Diego. However, he felt quite sanguine that, when his ship should 
leave the latter harbor it would go north, but after passing Point 
Loma it turned south. Needless to say, he was then very much sur- 
prised and realized that a. perplexing situation must be faced. 

Throughout all of the extensive cruise that followed there was 
so much of interest and so ; little of discomfort that it was a source 
of pleasure to participate. 

Admiral Caperton's squadron, consisting of the cruisers Pitts- 
burg, Frederick, Pueblo and South Dakota, passed through the 
Golden Gate April 25th. 1917, and headed south. After a pleasant 
voyage, of five hundred miles, it came to anchor under the protect- 
ing guns of Point Loma. Now, as everybody knows, the beautiful 
city of San Diego, California, is safeguarded by these same guns, 
and that it isi a metropolis)! of unusual interest. 

The first thing that attracted attention was a fleet of seven- 
teen aeroplanes that were then in the air, darting hither and yon 
in preparation for possible eventualities. The second object of in- 
terest was a large rust covered steel ship that had just been re- 
floated, and after it was stranded fourten years on a South 
American island. This craft had just arrived and under it own mo- 
tive power. The latter fact added to the rescue of so great a vessel 
after it had been so long on the rocks caused general amazement. 

During our stay here T made but a single journey ashore, and 
that for the purpose of seeing the grounds 1 of the Panama-California 
Exposition. AVas astonished and charmed at the panorama that the 
buildings and grounds, together with the swarms, of jet black doves 
flying overhead presented. Beautiful beyond the possibility of jus- 
tifiable description and decidedly original; this great achievement 
does reflect credit upon the people of Southern California. The 



2 A Friendly Cruise Around Latin America 

writer was privileged to visit six of the world's great shows, begin- 
ning with the mighty Columbian exhibit at Chicago, and at none of 
these places were there such beautiful grounds asi there are at San 
Diego. 

After weighing! anchor, on May 7th, the ships began a twenty- 
three hundred mile run to San Jose de Guatemala, where they arrived 
May 14th, and then laid too three miles distant from shore. 

While the admiral, accompanied by his staff and the usual escort 
of marine orderlies, were ashore, those of us who remained afloat en- 
joyed ourselves 1 in various ways. Bathing was out of the question, 
because of the immense number of sharks that swam lazily about. 
A few of these monsters were of the man-eating variety (namely, ti- 
ger sharks, with striped backs). These sharks afforded no little enjoy- 
ment, as, several of them, one fourteen feet long, fell victims to our 
fishermen. All hands were delighted with the balmy air and ex- 
quisitely blue tropical sea waters. They were also interested in the 
swarms of flying-fish that circled about at times not unlike a flock 
of blackbirds. Each night all men who could find space, therefore, 
slept out on deck and watched the peculiar antics of the Southern 
Cross. The expression "peculiar" is here used, because the five star 
constellation of the Southern Cross, that is seen only in southern lat- 
itudes, seems to those who are unversed in astronomy to ignore the 
accepted laws that govern the universe. While other luminaries pur- 
sue the course of stupendous orbets, this cross apparently remains 
in a fixed position slowly revolving on a central pivot. Another con- 
stellation, also peculiar to Latin America, is that of the false cross. 

It was pleasant to sleep out on deck here; but the charm ended 
when we w r ere always driven to cover on account of the midnight 
daily tropical showers. 

BURIAL AT SEA. 

A sad incident closed our stay in these waters, when it became 
necessary to bury at sea the body of E. D. AVettstein, who died on 
the cruiser South Dakota. Upon this occasion a twenty-mile run out 
to sea was made, and there, in latitude 13 degrees, 30 minutes and 30 
seconds north and longitude 90 degs., 50 minutes and 0i0 seconds west, 
Wettstein's body was buried. The surrounding water was literally 
alive with sharks, that were disappointed when the heavily weighted 
bod} r sank with amazing swiftness to the very lowest depths of the 
sea. . Fleet Chaplain L. N. Taylor conducted the burial, under the 
half-masted colors, upon the quarterdeck. This was in presence of 
the entire ship's company. Spotless white was the uniform of the 
day; except that the guard of honor wore, in addition to the regula- 
tion whites, a black neckerchief. Shipmate Wettstein's body, heavily 
weighted and encased in a strong canvas bag, and enwrapped in the 
national colors, was lying in state on the starboard side. At the close 
of Chaplain Taylor's impressive eulogy, the body was consigned to 
the sea, and, while it w r as sinking from sight, twelve marines fired a 
three-volley salute. This was immediately followed by a very im- 



A Friendly Cruise Around Latin America 3 

pressive sounding" of taps by Bugler Dallighan, one of the very best 
veteran buglers of the navy. It is reported that Dallighan performed 
a similar service for the martyred President McKinley. As an espe- 
cial tribute of respect to the deceased sailor, each officer of the ship 
wore an arm band of crepe that was; three inches wide. 

The sea is now his winding- sheet. 
Beneath the Southern Cross he lies asleep; 
His dust is mingling with the sand, 
That sweeps the shores of a foreign land. 

The Admiral's Return. 

After three days the admiral returned from his satisfactory visit 
with Senor Cabrera, el Presidente de Guatemala, and the cruise 
was resumed May 17th. As the lofty volcanic mountain peaks of 
Guatemala disappeared from view, there were many expressions 
of regret because it had not been possible for liberty leave in this 
most friendly and beautiful country. Although the volcanic peaks 
were of majestic mien, they impressed some of the lads with an. 
ominous feeling. This portent was especially significant in view 
of the terrible catastrophe that has just overwhelmed that land. 

Just prior to arrival of the American squadron, Guatemala 
broke relations with Germany. Her example was followed by Nic- 
aragua, Costa Rica and Honduras. 

Directly after leaving the vicinity of Guatemala, and while the 
squadron was passing by the coast of San Salvador, a terrible 
earthquake devastated that land. It is unfortunate that the Ad- 
miral did not learn of the disaster until his ships had gotten too 
far away to be able to render assistance. 

The one 1 thousand-mile run from San Jose to Balboa was quite 
interesting, especially as the fleet neared its destination, where 
many picturesque islands were passed. Just prior to reaching port 
and entering what is probably one of the longest stationary dry- 
docks in the world, the first wonder of the great Panama Canal 
appeared at our right. This is in reference to the mighty sea-wall 
that w'as formed by uniting two mountainousi islands to the main- 
land. 

B'alboa is at the Pacific Ocean entrance to the Panama Canal, 
and but four miles distant from Panama City, capital seat of the 
Republic of Panama. We arrived at Balboa May 21st and the 
Admiral then performed his second pleasant duty, of extending 
the respects of Uncle Sam's government to another sister republic. 
The result was that a cordial invitation was extended by President 
Ramon V aides to the personnel of the United States squadron to 
accept the hospitality of the Republic of Panama. Now the boys 
hadn't stepped over for a Ion 2: time, and "they went to it like 
greased lightning," and were well treated. Every ship was dry- 
docked, cleaned, painted and thoroughly overhauled prior to a 
resumption of the journey May 24th. During the interim all parties 
improved every moment of the liberty privilege inspecting a one 
thousand foot drydock, the navy yard, the model city of Balboa, the 



4 A Friendly Cruise Around Latin America 

ancient Spanish town of Panama, the alligators lazily snooping 
around in the water and the tropical foliage along shore. There are 
probably no such commodious shops elsewhere as there are in the 
navy yard here. No overcrowding of either men or machinery 
and the latter of colossal proportions. But our government went 
farther still and builded adjacent to this navy yard a city, that its 
employees might be properly cared for. Prior to the commence- 
ment of this great work there was a warfare made to exterminate 
mosquitoes, which were probably a greater menace here than they 
were anywhere on the Western Hemisphere. You may ask how 
about this! The reply is that, during our two weeks' sojourn in 
the zone, we did not see a single mosquito or even a fly. Am drift- 
ing and must return to the city of Balboa. This modern city, built 
during the last three years, ranks very high from every viewpoint ; 
however, all facts relative to the place are of common knowledge; 
and I will, in passing, say that this fine airy town, with its model 
homes, wide asphalted streets and superb sanitary conditions, is in 
striking' contrast to the old Spanish type neighboring; city of 
Panama. The latter town, being one of the oldest in America, is nat- 
urally handicapped because of its antiquity. This latter place is 
destined for a marvelous future, as it is widely awake and rapidly 
eradicating- the ancient style drawback features. Since the writer 
visited the city but once, and that during the evening hours, he 
cannot speak of the immense volume of historical facts that are so 
necessary to round out this article. 

A pretty farewell entertanment was provided by the good peo- 
ple of Balboa for the boys, on the eve of their departure for passage 
through the canal. This (is in reference to a dance, in the open air, 
upon the finely paved boulevard that encircles the spacious public- 
square. Per request, the entire band of our flagship furnished the 
music. The best ladies of the city cheerfully danced with sailors, 
and with sailors only, much to the chagrin of onlooking regular sol- 
diers. (Never mind, g'ood fellows, they'll get to you yet.) Our lads 
just covered themselves with glory and there wasn't a disorderly 
man in the bunch. Just a word about the ladies, who were seen 
at the ball. These women were mostly of the fair type of coun- 
tenance ; but nearly all of them had a sort of wan, drawn faced ap- 
pearance, that showed plainly the effect of the tropical climate in 
which they live. 

The Panama Canal. 

There was but scant mention made of the city of Balboa and, 
for 1 a like reason, it is unnecessary to make more than a short ref- 
erence to the Panama Canal, which is conceded to be the greatest 
of all engineeriug feats. At the outset kindly permit a statement 
that the mighty Sault Ste Marie Canal, between the United States 
and Canada, has some features that are even more interesting than 
anything to be seen here. Three enormous double locks, the great 
Culebra Cut, a mountain that was demolished and one that was 
constructed, are the main attractions. Millions of dollars worth of 



~?~&=&&l 




1 



6 A Friendly Cruise Around Latin America 

abandoned French machinery was sunken into a swamp and an 
artificial hill erected thereupon. Now this hill was not built as a 
monument to the courageous Frenchmen who first tackled the job, 
but to impound the waters of a lake. The reason for demolition of 
a mountain was to remove forever the lateral pressure that threat- 
ened destruction to the canal. Some of the Frenchmen above re- 
ferred to recently revisited the "zone," and in their astonishment 
exclaimed, "We never dreamed that the Americans would build a 
mountain." The entire ship's company was especially interested in 
two enormous steel structures, at each lock, that revolve on a turn- 
table and that carry an extra gate (emergency dam), for dropping 
into the position of any gate that should get out of order. The addi- 
tional 1 expense for this contrivance must have exceeded a million 
dollars! for each lock. Then there are six powerful electric engines, 
called donkeys, located at every lock, for towing each large ship, 
which is barred from the use of its own motive power. A man who 
claims to be properly advised stated that it cost the government $14.- 
000 for the passage of each cruiser through the canal. Of course the 
zone district is guarded by a large army that is equipped with the 
mightiest of weapons. Furthermore, during the night time the en- 
trances are constantly under the glare of huge revolving search- 
lights. It took eleven hours, on May 24th, to make the passage of 
fifty-six miles and to coal ship at Christobal (emphasize on the "o"), 
and meaning Christopher. Colon is Spanish for Columbus; so there 
you have it, Christopher Columbus. 

The government coaling station mentioned above is of the most 
modern construction, and it has many surprises in store for the 
uninitiated. An immense shout was let out by the boys when they 
saw that a large body of Jamaica negroes were about to come aboard 
for •stowing away coal. (This task, as well as that of all of the coal- 
ing work, is usually performed by the crew.) The Jamaica negroes 
receive but $1.50 per day for performing the hardest kind of work 
and in the warmest of weather. They are so rapidly replacing the 
whites as to now comprise about one-half of the "zone" employees. 
AVhite people received more than twice the amount of pay for per- 
forming' the work that is now being done by Negro subjects of Great 
Britain. Oh, yes. Uncle Sammy has an eye to business. Should you 
call one of these Jamaicans a nigger he comes right back with, "I 
ain't no nigga! No sahl ! I'se a Bridish subjec, I is!" The zone man- 
agement designates the races as gold and silver men and signs thus 
worded indicate the places where they are to separately assemble. 

Again this story is sidetracked and must be shunted back to 
the main line. 

While our ship was making fast all hands carefully studied 
the coaling outfit. They noticed on a high trestle that traversed 
a dock at which a dozen ordinary ships could coal at one and the 
same time, about forty large motor driven cars. These coal-laden 
cars began to move forward and, almost before they realized it, 
coal was rushing aboard from a dozen different conveyors and 



A Friendly Cruise Around Latin America J 

pouring- through as many openings in the deck. The task was 
completed in about one-sixth of the usual time and all was serene 
aboard. 

Christobal is the canal zone town adjacent to the negro city 
o,f Colon, of small size and destined to grow. 

The City of Colon. (Emphasize "on.") 

Only a small percentage of the people here are other than ot 
the Negro race, and these few reside in the midst of cocoanut 
groves at one side of the city proper. This town of 40.000 people, 
which is rapidly growing, consists of the regulation three-story 
structures. On account of the prevalence of earthquakes, the law 
limits the height of buildings. Very narrow streets and razor-edge 
alleys are characteristic of the place. The population is densely 
packed in and there is serious danger of a conflagration or an epi- 
demic. Our government is responsible for the model sanitary con- 
ditions that prevail here. The masses of the people, although not 
prosperous, are careful and take pride in their city. The swell 
Negro organization of the place acted as an escort to newly enlisted 
British soldiers. This aggregation was it. Had the ancients seen 
that glittering array of spell-binders, Solomon would never have 
been mentioned. Each man of the bunch was caparisoned in an 
entirely different style of a rich flowing robe with gaudy head 
piece and a gold plated sword. Every loud color known was as- 
sembeld in the make-up, and when straddled over a horse, these 
Ethiopians did shine." 

There was pleasure aboard ship when, on May 30th, the fleet 
headed out into the Carribean Sea for the 3600 mile run to Bahia, 
Brazil. The distance was so great, probably one thousand miles, 
to the farthermost northeastern point of South America, that it did 
seem as though we never would make it and learn as to our prob- 
able destination. Finally, after three days, the entire outfit turned 
south, and we then knew that the equator was about to be crossed. 

The writer will now scoot off' on a tangent, for a little hilarity 
ere getting back to bedrock. 

From the Log of a United States Man of War, While 
"Crossing the Line." 
Broken Out by Dad. 

On the evening of June 9th, 1917, the mighty high Davy Jones, 
scribe to his Equiatic Majesty King Neptune, suddenly appeared 
aboard of the good ship Pittsburg, as she was en route to Bahia, 
Brazil. His Excellency immediately posted the Royal Proclama- 
tion, namely, to wit : ' ' We will break out a hot time in the old 
realm tomorrow; especially for each one of you officers and men 
who has not blown hitherto hitherbefore. Then it was indeed ap- 
parent that there was something in the wind, for were there not 
signs of unusual activity upon the fo-c-sle? Why that platform 
and all of those odd looking barber-chairs and why, oh why! the 



8 A Friend! v Cruise Around Latin America 

huge tank that had suddenly appeared as if by magic? Upon close 
inspection it was seen that the chairs, above mentioned, operated 
on a swivel, and that they were so arranged that persons seated 
therein could be suddenly dumped over backward and shot into the 
tank below. Furthermore it was learned that the folowing un- 
canny articles had, somehow or other, been hoisted aboard. Razors 
and shears each two feet long, combs with teeth of six-penny nails ; 
gigantic lather brushes; buck saws, rasps, tongs, etc., for dental 
and surgical use. Finally there were two quart squirt guns and 
the never-to-be-forgotten medicines, that were to be used by th^e 
Imperial Medical Staff. These medicines were of the startling va- 
riety, as may well be imagined, and they certainly did make a hit. 
First there was' a red hot emetic to be shot between the teeth, and 
this was to be followed, by a nauseous paste for ramming into each 
man's muzzle by the dirtiest hands that ever were seen. Last, but 
by no means least, were the barrels of an admixture called gugu, 
for smearing all over victims by rebounding" slaps of heavy brushes. 
Yes, the gugu was an admixture, consisting of sand, graphite, vase- 
line and other greases. It was no joke to be covered with this stuff, 
whether it was done to a sailor in spotless white dress uniform, or 
after he had been forcibly stripped and then daubed. 

The medicines were prepared under direction of the ship's med- 
ical officers and, although they looked uninviting, were not so bad 
after all. The hands that administered these remedies owed their 
muddy appearance to a "coating of sweet chocolate. 

Well, we hit the equator all right, ati 36 degs., 05 min. 00 sec. 
west, between the South American and African continents. At the 
psychological moment the ship's band struck up^a dead march as it 
headed the royal procession. Old Neptune went right to bat, tied 
her loose and let her went, and, believe me, he went some. In the 
entourage of His Majesty there were learned judges, surgeons, doc- 
tors of everything and an admiral, also a score of lesser lights. Of 
these latter were the royal policemen, barbers, imps, lambasters, etc. 
All of the foregoing were arranged in a manner suitable to their 
respective stations, for didn't the doctors look wise in their tall hats, 
long robes and huge glasses; and wasn't Painful Parker, the dentist, 
a sight? And didn't the skull and cross bones emblazoned on the 
surgeon's robes lend a cheerful air to the ensemble? Furthermore, 
the entire bunch did shine resplendent in enormous wigs of un- 
braided rope and hula hula garments of like material. It may be 
said on the quiet that there wasn't a personage in the entire court 
who was even a circumstance to Her Majesty the Queen, or to the 
Royal Baby, -who weighed 260 pounds and carried a gallon sized 
nursing bottle. "Some Queen," shouted the boys, as Her Majesty 
appeared next to nature; except that the Royal personage was 
draped in a striking gown of quite transparent material. "Hippo," 
the gigantic Negro baby, although naturally quite dark in color, was 
made blacker still by a coating of grease and graphite and he sure 
did shine to beat the band. 



A Friendly Cruise Around Latin America 9 

Just as their majesties, and the Royal Court ascended the. dais 
on the ceremonial platform the Royal Navigator appeared on the 
bridge and assumed full command of the ship. This 1 official was a 
grizzled old seafaring man, of aspect stern and dominating' will, and 
he displayed enough medals to nearly sink the ship. Then there 
were the huskiest who entered the tank to see to it that every one of 
the thousand candidates should be accorded the privilege of a bath. 
SOME BATH is putting it mildly ; especially because 1 every head that 
appeared above water during the process of bathing was vigorously 
lambasted with a stuffed club. It was by no means a joke to be 
dragged by the heels ! along the bottom of the tank, as the lads who 
were thus treated can testify. Great care was exercised, however, 
so that no accident occurred, and, therefore, the day ended with ev- 
eryone, including the soup- hounds, in good humor. Only sailor lads 
could stand the hard knocks that were handed out that day and then 
"bob up serenely from below." His Highness "Hippo," the baby, 
was destined to be much kissed during that festive day, but he took 
it all in good part, as he always takes everything. "Hippo" is a pop- 
ular guy because he is a first class prize-fighter. 

As but eighty members of the ship's company had crossed the 
line before, it was strictly up to them to pilot the other one thousand 
men over. Now this was a difficult task, as the following story will 
show. 

As a matter of fact. Uncle Sam's officers, despite their rank, 
were not immune from the same treatment that was to be accorded 
enlisted men. (The only reason why the rule was changed on this 
occasion is because the men needed a little money.) These officers 
did not know whether they were destined to taste the medicine, kiss 
the baby, dance the hula hula, walk the plank, be smeared with tar 
or dragged through the tank. Therefore, when the executive officer, 
in dress uniform, headed the procession of candidates, everybody was 
pleased and rent the air with tumultuous cheers. The executive met 
the judge's unpitying eye in a dianified manner and received this 
jolt: "Sir, you are guilty of cowardice for turning tail every time 
that you have hitherto come near the line. Ten dollars!" "But. 
your honor?" "No buts to me; when I holler it's law. Five more 
bucks for contempt of court." "But have 1 no rights?" "No, not 
that you could mention it. Next!" An ensign, for being too popu- 
lar, was stang for ten ducats aud forced to kiss the baby, and he 
gracefully complied, while the crowd nearty yelled its head off. The 
Chief Surgeon was euchered out of a substantial amount, because he 
had the unmitigated gall to rush away from Germany just as war 
was declared. Our ship's dentist came in for a fine of ten simoleons 
because he had the brazen nerve to enlist as a dentist when he should 
have signed up as a blacksmith or plumber, and he had to dig up five 
more cart wheels because his teeth were dirty. The fleet chaplain 
drew a fine of a pair of deuces because of his attempt to flirt with 
Her Royal Majesty, three fives for loafing six days in the week and 
a single bone for working on the Holy Sabbath day. Another officer 



io A Friendly Cruise Around Latin America 

was held up for one million reis (a 100' rei piece of Brazilian money 
is worth 2 1-8 cents). Bach officer was charged with an alleged of- 
fense that was contrary to fact ; therefore when one of these gentle- 
men was booked for cowardice, for excessive popularity, for being too 
lenient, for always releasing a liberty party on time, then the boys 
could not restrain their laughter. The six hundred dollars that' was. 
collected from officers and men paid expenses for a big blowout in 
Rio. 

Now for fun with the crew, inclusive of all petty officers, so you 
will see that some of the officers did get it. Every one of these were 
forced to run the gauntlet and to take final refuge with the de- 
mons in the tank. An extra slam was always in store for tough 
guys, petty officers, marines, yeomen, Asiatics, etc., not in a spirit 
of meanness, but to add pep to the fun. A double ilistilled streak 
of lightning never failed to strike the rough-neck, inclusive of all 
who had to be searched out and brought forth in irons. 

"All! the first victim, a tough guy! A marine, a submarine. 
Submerge the leatherneck! Soak 'im ! Soak 'imi! Give it to 'im! 
Another tough guy! Ah, strip the guy! That's a hard boiled one! 
Six-O-Six, U-53 ! Oh, have a heart ! Shut up, you fool ; he 's tough 
and can stand it ! Git that petty officer ! he 's our meat ! Make him 
dance the hula hula and kiss the baby ! A yeoman, some politician ! 
Cut off his hair ! Oh, the gall of that guy with the whiskers in imi- 
tation of the captain of this ship ! Cut off those whiskers, carve 
them deep ! ' ' 

The foregoing is only a faint imitation of the terriffic din that 
filled the air throughout all of that eventful day. As each man 
appeared he was promptly sentenced, regardless of everything. 
Some to dance the hula hula or Sal-o-My, while the band tooted ; 
others to kiss 'baby "Hippo," etc. As a grand finale the hapless 
victims were rushed, hauled and pushed through a menacing array 
of dentists, surgeons and lambasters to the dope fiend doctors. 
Then, swish ! They got it between the teeth from a two-quart 
squirt gun, after which their mouths were jambed full of a nau- 
seous mass of junk. Lastly they were shaven and shorn, smeared 
from top to toe, and then hurled violently backward into the 
tank. This tank was, by all odds, the toughest part of the fun. 
woe betide the man who put up a fight in the tank; because he was 
hurled back upon the platform for the second degree. The tough 
guy had about as much show in the tank as a celluloid cat would 
have in chasing an asbestos rat through hell. Finally, at the end 
of the ordeal, every man scurried away to either wash or destroy 
paint covered clothes. 

Addenda Concerning- Her Majesty the Queen. 

Incidentally permit the infusion of a little more light relative 
to the above subject, commencing with the following statement: 
Society buds will readily understand the French terms herein em- 



12 A Friendly Cruise Around Latin America 

ployed, and that any seafaring man can stand :by long enough to 
'break out the nautical terms used. 

The Queen was a dainty craft, of the clipper variety, with 
long hempen tresses (unbraided rope) flying at the peak; then 
there were lavender colored socks of appropriate shade to match 
the very transpareiit royal robe. This wonderful garment was re- 
plete in decollete, demi-tasse. I swan to goodness and other catchy 
effects. It caught the crowd;- for wasn't royalty exposed to the 
elements, except for a scanty garment that the ladies call lingerie. 
This article, of meager width, was stayed fore and aft and shrouded 
about amidships. The train of Her Majesty's robe was hoisted aloft 
by Aeolus and Olus. 

The ancient Greeks inform us that Aeolus and Olus are the 
little twin gods of the wind that Neptune always keeps on the hur- 
ricane deck for the purpose of raising tbe wind and other things. 
Oh, yes. The Queen was a crackajack, outclassing the fair, seven 
times married, Lillian Russell, and each one of the forgotten num- 
ber of the wives of Nat Goodwin. The boys suspected the Queen 
of treachery and imagined that she, he, or whatever it was, had 
put one over on them. However, the writer passes the buck up to the 
crew. 



14 A Friendly Cruise Around Latin America 



CHAPTER TWO. 

The balance of this article was not written until all of the 
places therein described had been visited and carefully compared. 
Most of the data is relative to things that were seen, or that was 
gleaned from various public records through the medium of in- 
terpreters. The balance was furnished by persons who have an 
extensive knowledge of Latin America. An enormous amount 
of the information received was so tantalizing' in character that it 
could not be verified ; therefore it had to be discarded. It is by no 
means an easy task to get reliable information hastily, and in coun- 
tries where one does- not speak the language of its people. 

After passing over the equator, and sailing for three days, the 
land of South America, where the shore line is of a chalky white 
substance, appeared. Not a little quite pretty scenery was then 
passed, ere the squadron came to anchor in a very spacious bay. 
This was on dime 15th. The usual salutes were then exchanged, 
after which all hands carefully scanned and commented upon the 
most beautiful waterfront view, natural surroundings excepted, 
that was seen on the eastern shores of South America during 1 the 
cruise. Only oue liberty party, that of the port watch, went over 
the side, however. The starboard contingent failed to make it, (be- 
cause of the rough weather that prevailed. For this reason but a 
limited description can be given of the oldest city, which was also 
the first seat of government in Brazil. 

Bahia, Brazil. 

Bahia (Baea. sound the first syllable like the blatting' of a sheep, 
"B'a.") This city was founded in 1514 by Thome de Souza, the 
first Portuguese Governor General of Brazil. Rio de Janeiro is 
today the largest city in the nation, and then comes Sao Paulo (San 
Powlo), the most up to date city, and Bahia ranks third in size. 
This latter city boasts of having, still in daily use, the oldets church 
edifice in America. She also claims possession of the greatest ag- 
gregation of wealth under ecclesiastical control of any city in South 
America. A newspaper man at Rio de Janeiro stated that the 
church owns ten thousand buildings in the vicinity of Bahia. This 
city, the name of which mefins bay, lies on the sloping shores of a 
bay, around which rubber, coffee and fruits are produced ; how- 
ever, coffee is not so extensively cultivated here as it is in the state 
of Sao Paulo. All fruits seem to be of an inferior type, except 
oranges, which are of a better flavor than any that are grown in 
North America. The waterfront vista of Bahia is one of surpassing 
loveliness, but the city itself failsi to keep pace with the perspective 
from the bay. This, however, is not to be Avondered at, as this old- 
est of cities is located in a very rocky spot, and because it would 



A Friendly Cruise Around Latin America 15 

be a herculean task to remedy the defects, that are due to antiquated 
methods of construction. 

Beautiful large white buildings show their facades through 
green foliage, and all over an extensive hillside, that slopes gently 
back to an elevation of four hundred feet. These structures glisten 
in the sunshine and reflect their outline upon the waters below. 
Crowning -the eminence, and in the midst of lofty cocoanut palms, 
there is a fine display of architectural effects. Cupolas and domes 
galore, but no spires, steeples or minarets. Magnificent church 
buildings everywhere ; in fact there must be fully thirty of such 
structures in plain sight from the bay. 

Two car lines., ascend a very steep incline and. in some cases, 
ordinary elevators hoist people directly upward from one street 
to another. Was sorry to not have been permitted to enter, so 
noted a city to see the many things that are of decided interest 
there. 

Prior to departure for a port farther south, we coaled ship in 
the midst of, and despite a turbulent sea. All hands were astonished 
when the Nerius, an up to date, very large collier, ran alongside 
ready for business. This vessel is equipped with twenty-four mon- 
ster coaling booms, twelve on each side, that sling' over huge coal- 
laden "clamj shells." These "clams" came aboard with amazing 
swiftness, while the collier was pitching about in great shape, and 
we were coaled in a jiffy. Coaling ship is usually done from light- 
ers, and itj is then an all day's job, during which everybody, includ- 
ing father, works ; except that then the band plays. During coaling 
time the "soup-hounds" pass around with coffee and hot dog sand- 
wiches. (Hot dogs comingled with coal dust make an excellent 
diet.) 

Directly after coaling, on June 21st, away we sailed upon the 
800-mile run to Rio de Janeiro, whither we arrived on the 23rd. The 
squadron was now leaving the; tropics for a land where the winter 
season prevails 1 while it is summer time in North America. Near the 
end of this particular trip the towering" mountains of the mainland 
and many lofty islands, beautiful beyond description, appeared. 
Shortly thereafter the Brazilian dreadnaught, Minas Geraes. to- 
gether with the battleship Sao Paulo and a flotilla of large torpedo 
boats, hove in sight. 

After our flagship had saluted Brazil and Almirante Alexan- 
drino de Alencar had returned the same, then the Brazilian squad- 
ron escorted the United States of America's fleet to an anchorage. 
During this journey there were salutes galore, and Uncle Sam's men 
will not soon forget the awe inspiring sights that constantly burst 
upon their vision as the combined squadrons swept on proudly into 
port. Almost directly after Admiral Caperton's ships had tied up 
to floating' buoys and his flagship had again saluted in honor of 
Brazil, then another round of salutes followed. This was in conse- 
quence of the arrival of three English and one French men-of-war. 



i6 A Friendly Cruise Around Latin America 

The Frenchman presented a novel appearance with its herd of live 
cattle, that was quartered on the top side. (Frenchmen believe in 
having fresh meat.) 

After the preliminary excitement it developed that the United 
States of America's Admiral happened to be senior in command of 
all battle craft that was in the harbor and he was recognized as 
such. 

Prior to describing Rio de Janeiro, it is fitting that a more com- 
plete description should be given relative to what transpired while 
the allied fleets remained in Guanabara Bay; so here goes in a ram- 
bling fashion. A Eva/ilia?! official answered the direct question 
thuslv: "Yes sir, the Roosevelt expedition did make a most notable 
discovery and the River of Doubt became one of Reality." There 
was enough of saluting, during the first few days at Rio. to suit even 
the most fastidious. Every morning the Brazilian, English and 
French ships fired the customary salutes in honor of the ranking 
admiral and our flagship returned the same. During the half hour 
necessary for all of the above, every sailor in port stood at atten- 
tion, and' they breathed a sigh of relief when it was over. As each 
nation was saluted, of course its colors were broken out at all mast 
heads, while the band of the flagship, upon which I was a passen- 
ger, played the respective national anthems. The marines of Brazil 
are the smartest dressed men in the service of that nation. These 
men shine resplendent in white Highlander caps, red coats, blue 
trousers and high topped shiny boots. The marine band is uniformed 
in spotless white with swords adangle. Other soldiers, sailors, ca- 
dets, police, firemen, etc., appear in strikingly different apparel. It 
is likely that no other nation, of the land that the Spaniards dis- 
covered, takes a keener pride in the appearance of its servitors than 
does Brazil. Oh, by the way' Sundays and holidays are far more 
carefully observed all over South America than they are in the 
states. 

The Fourth of July at Rio de Janeiro. 

The United States of America was decidedly honored oh this 
immortal day and as she has seldom, if ever been honored thereto- 
fore. Early in the morning it was noticed that the Star Spangled 
Banner was about the only flag in sight, either afloat or on shore. 
Every available gun roared out a mighty salute to the land of the 
free and the home of the brave, and for the first time in history, 
English war craft remained in the same port with those of the 
Yankees, on the fourth day of July, and what is 1 more significant, 
the Englishmen not only saluted the American colors, but they also 
proudly marched with the Brazilian. French and United States forces 
in honor of thisi day. Hurrah for Johnny Bull ! So said we all of us. 
Our naval forces were in the van of a procession that marched 
through thirty miles of densely packed people. Thunders of ap- 
plause and showers of flowers greeted the boys as they marched on, 
proud of their country and happy because they were in its service. 



i8 A Friendly Cruise Around Latin America 

After the procession had ended the Brazilian populace, together with 
the European allied sailors, vied with each other in honoring, the 
North American sailors and marines. 

Our squadron made it a point to return to Brazilian waters in 
time to return the compliment, and help out in the celebration of 
that nation's natal day, September 7th. 

As all South American cities are very much alike in most re- 
spects, the writer, in describing them, will for the sake of a diversi- 
fied story, avoid repetition so far as possble. He will endeavor to 
specially emphasize some particular line of features and events after 
minutely describing the only city that he had sufficient opportunity 
to study well. 

Rio de Janeiro (Rio de Janero.) 

The dream city, with a population of 1.100,000. This metropolis 
owes its name to a singiular error of observation that was made by 
its discoverer, who mistook for a river the beautiful sheet of Avater 
that proved to be a spacious bay. After Pedro Alvarez Cabral had 
discovered and unfurled the standard of his country over the terri- 
tory of Brazel, then Almirante Goncalvo' Coelho was dispatched to 
explore along the shore line of the newly acquired possession. This 
admiral discovered what is now the celebrated Guanabara Bay 
(Arm of the Sea), on January 1st. 1535. On the banks of this bay 
he founded a town and named it Rio de Janeiro, meaning the River 
of January. Sailors, who have seen the harbors of the world, de- 
clare the one at Sydney, Australia, to be the finest, and that Guana- 
bara Bay comes next. 

It requires a more prolific writer than yours truly to fittingly 
describe Rio de Janeiro, the kind of a city that poets rave over and 
that artists delight to honor. The habitation of a happy, progressive 
and broad-minded people. Our lads left this city with regret, hoping 
for the privilege to return. The unsurpassing 1 cleanliness of every 
thoroughfare, together with absence of wooden buildings, blaring 
sign boards and residences that are usually without chimneys. I say 
that these are facts that command instant attention. During the 
night time every street, alley and bypath is flooded and thoroughly 
scrubbed. It is furthermore apparent that the entire city is kept 
under the strictest possible sanitary, fire and police regulation. 

This town nestles amid a lofty mountain range, that encircles 
the bay and forces its stately peaks above the clouds. Many large 
white buildings peer out through tropical foliage that adorns the 
mountain sides, and these glisten in the noonday sun. Lastly, several 
mountainous islands, also vine clad and covered with buildings, beau- 
tify the bay and entrance thereto. But, oh, the shoreline! That's 
the clincher from start to finish. 

The new arrival marvels at the graceful curves that ten miles 
of the shore line on either side of the bay presents. After studying 
the perspective in wonder he usually exclaims, "Where, oh where, 
are the docks ? ' ' Let us investigate and see if there are any docks, 



A Friendly Cruise Around Latin America 19 

piers, warehouses, etc. To do this we must pass under a fine suspen- 
sion bridge, turn sharply to the left and there we see the Caes do 
porto (docks of the port.) These docks, which are among the finest 
in the world, extend along a, perfectly straight embankment for a 
mile and a half, and the largest of ships land, thereat. This landing 
place, as well as all others seen by us in South America, is. protected 
Iby massive blocks of hewn granite. However, the entire water-front 
at Rio is protected in like manner and at an inconceivable expense. 
The warehouses here are all of white granite, artistic in apperwance, 
exactly alike and extending also in a straight line beyond the range 
of vision. Along the outer edge of the embankment there are count- 
less traveling cranes, of German make, arranged in keeping with the 
straight line ensemble. A large fleet of interned German steamers 
was seen from this point. Strange to relate, there isn't a dead wall, 
unsightly building, ugly sign-board or any rubbish even in this vicin- 
ity. Thus the vision of cleanliness continues. 

The extensively curved shore-line, that has already been men- 
tioned, embraces land of several hundred feet in width, throughout 
its entire length. This land has always remained in possession of the 
commonwealth ; is used for public purposes only and safeguarded 
against every vestige of unsightliness. This district is traversed 
throughout its entire length by one of the finest 'boulevards extant ; 
consisting of three broad parallel driveways. Intervening between 
these drives there are fine strips of green sward, that are adorned 
with shrubbery, statues, fountains, ornamental settees, etc. 

There are also other fine avenues (avenidas) and an unusual 
number of parks that are replete in scenic effects ; especially statuary, 
monuments, etc. ; in fact there must be fully five hundred monuments 
out in the open air of this city. The European custom of; taking an 
evening's siesta at tables that are placed under shade trees, along 
the broad walks, in front of cafes, prevails in Rio, and also at Mon- 
tevideo and Buenos Aires. While thus seated our party carefully 
studied the people who passed, and we were impressed with the lofty 
bearing of the men and the pleasant faced and extremely modest de- 
meanor of all women. Whether richly gowned or garbed in simple 
fashion, it was all the same, modesty is evidently characteristic of thg 
women of Brazil. The raiment of these women, and especially their 
sharp cut headgear, arranged in angular and peaked effects, was in- 
terestingly different than any of our party had hitherto seen. The 
men invariably wore kid gloves, carried canes and smoked cigarettes. 

It was a charming diversion to observe these people, as they 
paused anon to admire displays of the finest stocks of jewelry that 
are to be seen in America. Parties that entered the many fashion- 
able theaters would compare favorably with their prototype in North 
America. Most of the sidewalks are constructed of Limoge stone, 
that is imported from Portugal, and they are works of art in black 
and white. These mosaic walks have fine tesselated borders and 
various designs of bold relief, inlaid. There are many narrow 
streets and alleys, none of which are in bad condition. 



20 A Friendly Cruise Around Latin America 

The National Botanical Garden contains, probably, the best 
display of tropical and Oriental trees and shrubbery that there is 
to be found in any other one place. In this garden there are 
flourishing specimens of more than nine hundred different kinds 
of palms, including the mother palm that was planted in 1808. 
This palm is 315 feet tall, and from it sprang the millions of sim- 
ilar trees that are flourishing throughout Brazil. Several ave- 
nues, that are bordered by these stately palms, are objects of in- 
terest throughout the city. There are also growing in this gar- 
den every known species of spice, tea, coffee, rubber and bamboos 
galore. 

The National Museum is at Boa Vista Park, and housed in the 
erstwhile palace of the emperors of Brazil. This museum contains 
an astonishing display of ethnological, botanical ond natural his- 
tory objects. In the collection three are birds, butterflies, shells, 
reptiles, etc.. of infinite variety. Every color and even the most 
delicate tints of the rainbow are clearly defined in the above, and 
the sizes range from the most minute to the very largest known. 
It would require fully a month's constant writing to fittingly de- 
scribe either the garden or museum, so T will give up the task be- 
fore beginning'. As a matter of fact, Montevideo and Buenos Aires 
also possess mighty museums, art galleries, etc.. and it is impos- 
sible to decide which city excels in either respect. 

Pao de Assucar (Sugar Loaf, and also known as Dog Face 
mountain), 1185 feet, and Mount Coreovado. 2312 feet high, are 
easy of ascent ; the former on a car suspended from a cable and 
the latter by cog wheel train. While en route to the summit of 
Sugar Loaf I suddenly found myself directly over a gorge 800 
feet below, and it occurred to me that I would become badly tan- 
gled up should the cable break. The fine crescent shaped beaches 
at San Francisco, Leme and Botofogo B'ay, zoological gardens, pub- 
lic buildings, Palacio Monroe (named in honor of the Monroe Doc- 
trine), Theatro Municipal, etc.. should not be missed. The theater 
mentioned does probably exceed in magnificence any playhouse in 
America. (Gorgeous theatrical structures are, in fact, typical of 
all Latin American cities and those at Buenos Aires and Monte- 
video are also of surpassing excellence.) 

Of course it goes without saying that, in such a model city, 
there must be magnificent churches, and among these. Our Lady 
of the Candelaria is a structure that required one hundred and 
thirty-five years to erect. 

At the close of a beautiful day, and as I was about to leave 
a wonderful cemetery, it was my privilege to witness the wierd 
ceremonial of a torchlight burial service. All of the cemeteries 
that I visited in Latin America are distinctively different and al- 
together dissimilar to any seen theretofore. In Latin American 
cemeteries the fact is strongly emphasized that the living certainly 
consider that the cradle and the coffin do not mark the extremes 




NJj do Afmiranfe 

\ Capeqton 

til Bmsil 



--S,- 





— Courtesv of Revista dp Leniana. Rio de Janeiro 



22 A Friendly Cruise Around Latin America 

of man's career: therefore Brazilians lavish affectionate regard 
for the sacred habitat of the dead. 

The United States of the Republic of Brazil. 

The following accurate information was secured from the 
national archives and also from the "Handbook of Rio de Janeiro": 

In 1535 Pope Alexander VI arbitrated between Portugal and 
•Spain relative to certain sections of South America. His Holiness 
awarded unto Spain^the district south of a line that he traced on 
the map, and Portugal secured the more northerly region. As a 
result Brazil Was then extensively peopled with immigrants from 
Portugal and Argentina, Uruguay, etc., with those from Spain. 

Brazillians claim that Portuguese navigators, from the Azores 
d,nd Madeira, landed on the West Indies and also upon the North 
and South American continents prior to 1450. If this is so, then 
Columbus was a little late; but how about Lief Irickson? 

Brazil was discovered Easter Sunday (Paschoel), April 23rcl, 
1500. and it was named after a dye-wood for which the country is 
famous. The discoverer was Pedro Alvarez Cabral, a celebrated 
Portuguese navigator. Several years after Cabral 's death his re- 
mains were transported from Portugal and solemnly reinterred in 
the tower of a cathedral at Rio de Janeiro. This country was gov- 
erned from Portugal until the mouth of February, 1818, when King 
Joah VI transferred his seat of government from Lisbon, Portugal, 
to Rio de Janeiro. Thus, for the only time in history, was a Euro- 
pean country governed from American soil. In 1540 Captain Fran- 
cisco Orellana, one of Pizarro's officers in the conquest of Peru, 
descended the Amazon river in an open boat and, in some manner, 
reached Spain and secured reinforcements. This feat of descending 
the Amazon is declared to be the most amazing feat in history. A 
melancholy incident, of many years since, w'as the execution of 
the great Brazilian hero. Tira-dentes (tooth-puller), who was pub- 
licly drawn and quartered in Rio de Janeiro. This event greatly 
accelerated the bitter feeling 1 against Portugal and aided in the cause 
of freedom. 

King Joah finally returned to Portugal, leaving his son, Dom 
Pedro, to govern the American province. Shortly thereafter Bra- 
zil revolted from Portugal and made Dom Pedro Emperor, and in 
1821 the Portuguese government acquiesced to the change. The 
first Emperor eventually gave way to the second Dom Pedro, who 
was crowned the last Emperor, on July 18th, 1841. Dom Pedro II 
was expelled from the country and, as the marvelous grandeur of 
Guanabara Bay faded from his vision, the aged exile was crushed 
in spirit, and, with a broken heart, he soon died, but among friends 
in Portugal. Brazilians do not reflect upon the character of Dom 
Pedro II and, in lieu thereof, many commendable things are said in 
his praise. The republic was finally proclaimed November 15th, 
1880. 

Abolition of slavery in the United States of America led di- 



24 A Friendly Cruise Around Latin America 

rectly to similar action in Brazil, when on May 13th, 1888, a decree 
abolishing slavery was promulgated. Sao Panlo is the richest and 
most progressive state in the country. Its capital city, of the same 
name, made the surprising record of increasing in population from 
25,000 to 880,000 during the last thirty years. This state exports 
annually more than two-thirds of the entire coffee production of 
the world (210,000,000 pounds). The Caminho do Padre Jose 
(Trail of Father Jose) in the state of Sao Paulo, corresponds in im- 
portance to El Camino Real (The Real Road) of California. 

I herewith copy verbatim, from the handbook of Rio de Ja- 
neiro, the following relative to the wonderful people of the state 
of Sao Paulo : 

"In the humble village of Santo Andre a race was born, half 
Indian, half Portuguese, the Mamelucos. Enterprising', fearless, re- 
lentless to the point of barbarism, superhuman in their hardiness, 
endurance and the cheerful manner in which they undertook and 
accomplished seemingly impossible tasks. It may be safely said that, 
if the Mamelucos did not make European civilization possible in 
Southern Brazil, that they at least advanced its coming and devel- 
opment some hundreds of years. The Mamelucos subjected to sla- 
very whole Indian tribes for tilling the soil. After this they pene- 
trated the entire surrounding country and even entered Bolivia, 
despite swarms of cannibalistic savages. They wrested several 
great provinces from Spain, chased the French out of Rio de Ja- 
neiro, discovered the best gold and diamond districts in Brazil and 
broke up a great organization of renegades, that the Dutch had 
long tried to suppress. When the governor of Bahia finally called 
upon them to help subdue a powerful Indian nation, the Mamelucos 
pitched in and massacred the entire tribe. Yes, Brazil owes a great 
deal to the Mameluco race." 

Extracts From the Brazilian Constitution. 

The President is elected for a four-year term, without the priv- 
ilege of re-election. Each state has the right to place export taxes ( 
upon anything that is produced in that state and she must surren- 
der all criminals that are wanted by a sister state. Deputies and 
senators are barred from official connection with any bank or 
other enterprise that has dealings with the government. All na- 
tives are considered citizens; except those whose fathers are in the 
service of a foreign land. Foreigners, who own property in Brazil, 
or are married to Brazilian women, or who have Brazilian chil- 
dren; provided that they live in Brazil, unless they declare in favor 
of a foreign land, these are all citizens. Members of religious 
orders, beggars, alphabets and criminals, during the period of pun- 
ishment, are barred from citizenship. Civil marriages only are 
recognized by the government. The death penalty, except for 
treason, was long since abolished. Finally the constitution de- 
clares that, nnder no circumstances, will the nation engage in war- 



26 A Friendly Cruise Around Latin America 

fare for the purpose of conquest. Wenceslau Braz is now Presi- 
dent of this, country. 

On October 7th the Republic of Panama followed the exam- 
ple of Brazil and also of several other Latin American nations in 
legalizing civil marriages only. 

Caught on the Fly. 

In traveling all over Rio de Janeiro the following additional 
objects were noticed: A picturesque stone aqueduct, elevated 
railroads and mighty fortifications ; in fact, everything necessary 
to the well being of its people. All residences are of either mar- 
ble, granite or cement. Those who are wealthy reside in hand- 
some mansions ; the middle class in fine homes, on 50-foot lots, 
and the poor in nice clean houses. There is no apparent overcrowd- 
ing. A noteworthy feature of the towns in this part of South 
America is that a large percentage of all homes are located behinl 
ornamental iron fences that are ten feet high. Rio does not build 
skyscrapers and the nearest approach thereto is an occasional six 
or seven story structure, the rest averaging three stories in height. 
Artistic fronts and brilliant color effects: is the rule in this coun- 
try. North Americans must "watch their step" down here; be- 
cause this is the left-handed country; wherein all vehicles and 
pedestrians must not pass to the right. The central fire station is 
worth especial notice. This three-storied structure is quadrangular 
in shape, around a spacious court, and is 300 feet square. It con- 
tains an extensive machine shop, large kitchen, dining room and 
quarters for 200' firemen. There was thirty-four motor driven fire 
apparatus of English make, including a score of up to date fea- 
tures novel to citizens of our country. 

Oh yes. "the beggars have come to town," in rags of course, 
rigged out for the occasion, but they are clean, they have to be. 

The 5000 men of our squadron, inclusive of the supply ships, 
were very much interested in the fortifications and naval arrange- 
ments of Brazil ; and especially in the Brazilian Naval 
Cadets. These little fellows enter service at 11 years of age,, 
for a fifteen year period. During the first twelve years they re- 
ceive the best kind of schooling. The last three years, is spent upon 
a fine full-rigged ship that makes a complete yearly circuit of the 
globe. 

South America is certainly the place to see stiff-necked peo- 
ple. If you don't believe it just go down there and take note of" 
the enormous loads that are being borne about upon the heads of 
some of the people. 

The United States of the Republic of Brazil has this inscrip- 
tion on her flag: "Ordem e Progresso" (Order and Progress). 
This nation owns most of the railroads and a greater proportion 
of its people are in the public service than any other country so 
employs. A Wedding procession of forty automobiles. Open fu- 
neral cars drawn by a single mule and one that was very elaborate- 



A Friendly Cruise Around Latin America 27 

with four mules ahead. Brazilians talk money in big figures; for 
instance, it cost 100 reis (2 1-8 cents) for a five-mile street car ride, 
400 reis for a cup of coffee, etc. The money fluctuates! from 36 to 
40 milreis for a United States ten-dollar gold piece. 20$500 means 
20 milreis and 500 reis. 



28 A Friendly Cruise Around Latin America 



CHAPTER THREE 

It is one thousand miles from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, to Mon- 
tevideo, Uruguay; and it required the time from July 6th to the 
10th for making this trip. There was but one topic discussed en 
route, nad that was relative to the fine reception that was extended 
at Rio ; and by people whose faces and actions spoke more elo- 
quently than the English words that they are unable to utter could 
have expressed. All hands were entirely unprepared to learn that 
Uruguay was about to accord to them the finest reception probably 
that so small a commonwealth ever extended to anybody. They 
got an inkling of what was in store when, accompanied by war- 
ships, twenty excursion steamers ran out fifteen miles to meet them. 
These steamers were literally packed with wildly cheering people. 
This demonstration and the incessant sounding of all whistles, afloat 
and on shore, did not cease until long after the squadron had cast 
anchor in the so-called Rio de la Plata. The term so called is here 
used, because this waterway is not a river in the generally accepted 
sense, but it is in reality a very broad estuary. 

There was a large fleet of merchant ships and men of war, 
including several interned German vessels, about us, and all of these, 
the Germans only excepted, were dressed in honor of the visitors; 
as was practically every building in sight. And the crowd ! Such 
a crowd as there was, covering the embarkadero, the long piers ex- 
tending therefrom and all buildings (250,000 would be a moderate 
estimate of the throng). It is probable that none of our company 
will ever again see so many flags at one and a single time, as there 
Were displayed. Colors of the entente allies, President Wilson's pic- 
ture, together with those of Washington and Lincoln, and also ref- 
erences to the Monroe Doctrine, were shown all over town. After 
the shades of night had hidden all other evidences of good will from 
the ships, then a bigj electric sign on shore flashed out the cheery 
word "Welcome." Some idea of the nature of the harbor here may 
be inferred from the fact that two of our cruisers were moored 
alongside of the embankment. 

The good people of Uruguay certainly did draw heavily upon 
their resources to entertain Admiral Caperton and his men. Space 
does not permit a detailed description of this feature. The Uru- 
guayan nation had placed the purposed reception under control of 
the Young Men's Christian Association, and with ample funds to 
insure its success. This arrangement was much to the disgust of 
saloonists and other tough resorts ; especially since the vilest of 
these places were forced to remain closed while our men were 
ashore. 

In every port visited the Young Men's Christian Association 
has rendered an immense amount of valuable service to Uncle 
Sam's boys; and this was especially emphasized at Montevideo. 



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30 A Friendly Cruise Around Latin America 

The women of this town worked like Trojans in concert with the 
association members to make our sojourn pleasant. They not only 
provided continuous entertainment at various places, but received 
the sailor lads to banquets at their own homes. The entertain- 
ments were continuous from noon until midnight. A committee 
of some twenty ladies was engaged in raising funds for the 
United States Red Cross, but discontinued their efforts until after 
the squadron should leave. One of these women assured me, while 
I was taking tea at her home, that she had personally secured 
$891 and 14 tons of coal at $40 per ton, and that she presumed 
that the other nineteen solicitors had done equally well. The 
boys will not soon forget those sweet voiced ladies, who sang 1 bo 
often and gave excellent shows of local talent for them. The song, 
"Home, Sweet Home," was a winner and when this was followed 
by "Where Is My Wandering Boy Tonight," and "Is My Name 
Written There," I say that this sank down deeply into the heart 
of every one of the 500 sailors who heard it. Am sure that many 
of these lads then uttered a silent prayer that God should bless 
the good women of Montevideo. The English speaking! lalies' club, 
of the aristocratic seminaries, at one of their classical entertain- 
ments sang the rollicking song, "Ting-a-ling-a-ling'-a-ling.' , ' This 
ditty, together with the invitation that followed it, just swept the 
lads right off their feet and their hearts are ting-a-ling-a-lingeling 
yet. 

The Uruguayan minister of war, Dr. Baltazar Brum, issued the 
following message: "As for me, there exists in America but one 
nation, the American, therefore I am a pan- Americanist. " Per- 
mit the statement right here that the time is opportune for every 
true American to rally around President Wilson in his warfare 
for the universal brotherhood of mankind. As a matter of fact, 
the Monroe doctrine is more highly esteemed throughout Latin 
America than is generally understood. United States of America 
tourists often get misleading impressions from the people with 
whom they are able to converse. These latter are seldom the na- 
tives, but Europeans, who are bitter because Europe is not per- 
mitted to have a free hand in the Western Hemisphere. There is 
sometimes found adverse criticism of the United States among na- 
tives, which is usually caused by these same European critics. There 
is no question whatever that European residents of Latin America 
are the chief sources of adverse criticism of the natives as to the 
motives that actuate the United States of America. The only reason 
why European financial interests are more in evidence in Latin 
America than are those of the United States is because the latter 
has not been so alert concerning her own affairs. 

The Oriental Republic of Uruguay. 

La Republica Oriental del Uruguay, or, as it is sometimes 
written, Eepublicao del Uruguay, The natives spell it "Oo-roo- 
goo-iah, " and pronounce it "Oo-ru-guy." Because of its geo- 



A Friendly Cruise Around Latin America 31 

graphical position, on the east side of the Uruguay river, this coun- 
try was formerly known as the land of the Banda Oriental. It is 
nearly 300 miles long by about 250 in width. The discovery was 
made by Juan Diaz de Salis, who, while burying a sailor on shore, 
was killed by the Charrua Indians. The commonwealth, founded 
thereafter, has survived and prospered despite the ravages of 
many periods of cruel warfare. The most notable of these wars 
Brazil against Paraguay. The struggle lasted seven years, ending 
in 1870, and at an expense to the Brazilian government of $150,- 
000,000, to Argentina of $35,000,000 and to Uruguay of $10,000,000. 
The struggle did not end until practically the adult male popula- 
tion of Paraguay had been destroyed. By the treaty of peace the 
surviving Paraguayans undertook to pay their conquerors the $195,- 
000,000 above indicated. This vast sum meant $650 per capita of 
the surviving population. The entire world owes a sincere tribute 
of respect to this small nation of Paraguay for its unparalelled 
lesson in patriotism. During the struggle mentioned above the 
principal battles were those of Uruguayana, Humatia, Paso del 
Patra and Santiago del Estero. 

July 18th and August 25th are the principal national holidays, 
the first being in honor of the constitution and the other to cele- 
brate its independence from Brazil. Uruguay was formerly the 
Brazilian province of Sacramento. 

It is an open question if any nation has a higher gold standard 
than Uruguay. It made our fellows stiffen right up when their 
$20 gold pieces had to be discounted 11 per cent in this very small 
country. Catholicism is no longer the established church there. 
The national free public school system is par-excellent and so com- 
prehensive as to embrace most branches of instruction from kin- 
dergarten through the 1 professional courses. The judiciary occupies 
a high plane and among its provisions there are many unusual fea- 
tures, i.e.: A woman has the privilege of appearing* quietly before 
a magistrate to request separation from her husband. She is then 
instructed to return a) year later. If she then reiterates her former 
request, the divorce is granted and the man must step aside. The 
law is about to be amended so as to grant the same privilege to men. 
There is practically no expense attached to divorce proceedings, 
and, under no circumstances, is the public advised thereabout. 

The Spanish custom incident to the names of persons prevails 
here. So that, if a man named Zabala marries a woman whose 
name is San Martin, then the future name of the woman, in literal 
English, would be Mrs. Zabala of San Martin. If the couple should 
have a son, whose given name is Juan, then that lad's full name 
Would be Senor Juan Zabala de San Martin (the mother's name ap- 
pearing last). The President and senators are elected for a four- 
year term, and without the privilege of their being re-elected. It 
is probable that the.' Presidency feature will soon give place to an 
executive council of five members. The year of independence was 



32 A Friendly Cruise Around Latin America 

1830, and General Artegas is remembered as the father of his coun- 
try. Feliciano Viera is the President at this time. 

Admiral Caperton provided a splendid banquet aboard the 
flagship for the personnel of the Uruguayan navy and magnificent 
balls were given upon the quarterdeck. 

The City of Montevideo ( Monte vidao). 

This modern high class Spanish type city has a cosmopolitan 
population of 290,000, and means "I see a mountain." When Bruno 
Maurisco de Zabala was cruising in the South Atlantic one of his 
sailors suddenly cried out, "I see a mountain." Zabala got busy 
right away and settled the place with people from Spanish Galicia 
and also from the Canaries in Africa. This statement was made i^, T 
one Uruguayan official. Another official in the same public office 
interposed with this remark: The first settlers were Basques, from 
the oldest known people in Europe, and an early name for this 
city was "Nuevo Vizcaya." 

As Montevideo is largely like other South American cities, it 
will not be extensively described herein, but merely compared 
with Rio de Janeiro. The latter town apparently excels the for- 
mer in scenic effects, parks, monuments, uniforms, etc. ; also in 
public buildings, shipping facilities, homes for all classes, and 
civic government. 

Montevideo probably excels in free educational institutions, 
has a more reliable monetary system, wider and more regular 
streets, is better lighted and has finer business structures and fac- 
tories than Rio. Furthermore, it is more cosmopolitan and ener- 
getic than the latter. Homes and home life are quite dissimilar 
between the two places. In Rio residences are of the Portuguese 
and French styles, with some semi-Pompeiian effects, while at 
Montevideo those of the modern Spanish and Italian styles pre- 
vail. To those of us who are unfamiliar with Spanish custom, 
their style of homes are a pleasing sight. These abodes are en- 
tered through spacious hallways, where marble wainscoting, frost- 
ed and stained glass, frescoed ceilings and statuary effects are 
seen. The hallway leads to an open court that is replete in green- 
ery, fountains and all sorts of pleasing things. The house is built 
around this court, or patio, and the several apartments are cov- 
ered with a gabled skylight roof. By the simple turning of a 
crank these skylights slide back so that the people of any apart- 
ment may take their siesta or sleep in the open air. There is a 
charming restful quietness prevalent throughout all of the resi- 
dence districts. The Italian hospital is a magnificent work of 
art, of great size and, all points considered, it is probably second 
to none on the Western Hemisphere. A fine English hospital is 
near by that of the Italians. In the latter institution a noted 
North American woman missionary, who is critically ill. was being 
tenderly nursed back tc health. 




A Reminder of MONTEVIDEO 
A Uruguayan Artist's conception of a United States Sailor. 



34 A Friendly Cruise Around Latin America 

Caught on the Fly. 

South America is written "Sur America" by the Spanish and 
"Sao America" by Portuguese speaking people. Spaniards claim 
that Columbus was the first man to sight South America. They 
say that he entered the mouth of the Orinoco river, but failed to 
land. Street cars are up to date, namely, they carry more pas- 
sengers than the sign displayed, "Capacidad 28 sentados," author- 
ize. Other signs noticed in these cars are: "Prohibido escupir en 
el coche," and "Prohibido Fumido (smoking)." No man sits 
while a woman stands in these cars. Furthermore all persons 
come to a halt and the men uncover while a funeral procession is 
passing. Open funeral cars, typical of Latin America, convey the 
dead, irj plain coffins, that are without handles, to cemeteries 
which are well cared for. It is a question whether one can find 
more artificial flowers elsewhere than are seen in the cemeteries 
here ; nor such a fine display of bronze statuary and busts. Swains 
must court their enamorettas from long range in this town. For 
example, they may signal from across the street or plead their 
cause through an open door or window. In Rio there are but 
few horses, and in their stead a poor type of mule, while Monte- 
video is conspicuous for the most excellent kind of horses and 
equipages. A troop of cavalry horses was of the finest of stock. 
Salutations of the many, who "no comprehend" our lingo, was 
"Nice, Americano, good morning and good bye." 

Departure From Uruguay. 

A great crowd covered the waterfront as our squadron 
weighed anchor, and excursion steamers packed with cheering peo- 
ple escorted us out of port, while their excellent naval band played 
"Marching Through Georgia." Am sure that every Yankee heart 
then went out to these good people and that the coinmon senti- 
ment was "0. you Montevideo; good-bye and good luck." 

It was 10 o'clock a. m. July 22nd when the squadron started 
upon the 125-mile run to Buenos. Aires. Argentina. 

Almost before the city of Montevideo had disappeared from 
view an Argentine squadron of five fine war ships hove in sight 
and the Uruguayan fleet departed. 

Address of Dr. Juan Zorilla de San Martin, the Most Noted Man of 

Letters in Uruguay. 

"My friends: Among all the demonstrations of affectionate 
welcome which I have had to interpret into words, as President 
of the Popular Committee which has organized them, none, I as- 
sure you, has moved me more profoundly than this one, so modest 
in appearance, in which we offer you a family reunion, and where, 
as a father at the head, of his table. I am called upon to ask the 
accustomed blessing. 

"I had the honor of voicing the sentiment of the Uruguayan 
people when they unanimously, overflowing with acclamations, 



A Friendly Cruise Around Latin America 35 

thronged on land and sea to meet you. From the balcony of the 
United States legation I said to forty thousand of my fellow coun- 
trymen there met in the public street, that it was a splendid truth 
which they joyously felt and loudly proclaimed; that we Uru- 
guayans, sons of Artigas, are brothers of the Americans, sons of 
Washington; but. that we are brothers not so much by the geo- 
graphical or material unity of the continent in which we live, but 
by something much deeper, something 1 that springs from the very 
roots of our being; because we Uruguayans and North Americans, 
like all the other peoples of America, are sons of one common 
mother, the alma mater Democracy, mother at once of Peace, Lib- 
erty and Justice. 

"It is the breath, indeed, of that great lady of our, Democ- 
racy, my friends, which waves those glorious banners that you un- 
furl on your mastheads ; it is her 1 breath which carries them into this 
war that America has not provoked, but that has struck her to the 
heart with its mailed fist and has aroused her in the name of her 
duty toward humanity; it is, in a word, that which now welds in 
a great embrace your ensigns filled with the light of the stars and 
ours filled with the splendor of the sun and makes of them, one ben- 
eficient constellation. 

"But this moment has come in which I find myself in relation 
not with a great multitude or a gigantic collective person, but in 
immediate and affectionate contact with men whom we love indi- 
vidually, with spirits that are to us real favorites; with each and 
all of you, valiant and good seamen of our great sister, toAVard 
whom I feel an irresistible impulse of genuine affection. 

"And 1 this constitutes, my friends, the most intimate of brother- 
hoods. If the fraternity of our countries comes from the common 
mother, Democracy, this of which I now speak, this which in- 
spires in me such warmth of affection and interest in each and 
every one of you, this comes from something higher and more 
enduring in our common universal Father, our Father which is 
in Heaven, and who is one with the Son whom we all worship, 
Jesus Christ the Divine Redeemer of men. 

"I wish to speak to you of Him on this occasion, my friends 
and brothers, because I wish to leave in your souls as the most 
precious remembrance of my country, living and eternal words. 
Cherish them as precious jewels, in the depths, in the most inti- 
mate and hidden recesses of the secret places of your hearts. 

"This house that we have specially prepared for you in order 
that you might pass here in innocent and pleasant occupation your 
leisure time, in order that you might here find, a reflection of 
your far away home, in order that you might here renew the 
memory of your fathers, of your mothers, of your sweethearts, who 
are now thinking of you ; of your native land in which your ab- 
sence is felt while you are away on the call of your country; this 
house and this meeting which we offer you show that we Uru- 
guayans have been thinking of you all individually, that we 



2,6 A Friendly Cruise Around Latin America 

have seen in the crews of your formidable warships not only the 
units of an army which is passing', but the members of a family, 
with whom Ave share our home ; not an anonymous group of be- 
ings destined to die, but a handful of beloved brothers for whose 
life we raise our prayer to our common Father and whom Ave 
would wish to embrace one by one, to save one by one from the 
dangers and hidden enemies, not only material but moral as well, 
which may rise to meet them in their unselfish journeyings to and 
fro by sea and land. 

"I see now before me that fair young, sailor, almost a child, 
who looks at me with his large blue eyes full of memories; and 
that other, yes hundreds of others. A profound feeling of per- 
sonal affection. I was sj'oing to say fatherly affection, is awakened 
in my heart and surges up to irritate my eyes. I am thinking 1 of 
the pure and lovely things which bind men closest together; I feel 
that the strongest: of ties is being knit between my soul and yours, 
my brave lads, joyous heralds of mother America, soldiers of jus- 
tice, of right, and of peace. 

"And my soul is lifted instinctively toward our common 
Father, toward the provident Father which is in Heaven. 

"I come to bid you farewell, my friends; we shall probably 
not meet again on earth. Will you keep my remembrance, the 
greetings of anonymous friends who have loved you in Montevideo 
and whom you have met on your passing visit to this good land of 
Uruguay? 

"This remembrance may become vague, or even vanish; the 
winds of the seas, the vivid presence of other lands, will dissipate 
it like a vapor. But there is' one tie, one only, which the winds will 
not dispel. When on the starlit nights in the midst of the infinite 
ocean, you pass the slow hours of the night watch at the foot of 
your formidable cannon more than once you will lift your eyes to 
the firmament above, and more than once you will feel pass among 
the constellations the memories of the absent country for whose 
glory you struggle, and they, will fill your hearts with peace, with 
energy, with v alor ; you will see there the images of those who love 
you most in all the World and whom you have left in your native 
land, the image perchance of your mothers who in those very mo- 
ments will be lifting their Christian prayers to Heaven for you that 
God may keep you in His care and that in your journeyings over 
far away seas and lands He may give you friends who may have 
toward you something of the paternal affection, who may see in 
you not only the strong arms of warriors, but noble and Christian 
spirits, and who may speak to you now and again of God, of Jesus 
Christ the Redeemer, of purity, of confidence in the Heavenly 
Father, of the fulfillment of your duties toward the good God, to- 
ward your fellowmen and toward yourselves. 

' ' That is what we wish to be to you at this moment ; the friends 
of your souls Avho give you, among! the transitory things the living 






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38 A Friendly Cruise Around Latin America 

word which cannot pass away; friends who may be to you in place 
of mothers, sisters, and those who love you most intensely. 

"It is well to remember, my friends, that among the many 
who show you attentions in a more or less collective and super- 
ficial fashion, there remain in Uruguay those who have loved you 
individually and who will follow you with affection after you have 
abandoned our hospitable harbor; remember, young and valiant 
sailors of the democratic fleet, that some there are who, on remem- 
bering this group of fair youthful heads uniformed in white, will 
lift their spirits to the Father which is in Heaven, and will pray 
that on every one may come His omnipotent protecton, His illum- 
inating' inspirations. His fortitude and His peace ; they will ask that 
He guard you all from the moral and material dangers that rise to 
meet you. and that He return you well and safe to your beloved 
homeland — better even and stronger than when you set out from 
her shores. 

"And thus it will be, my friends, because the way you take is 
the way of virtue and heroism. That star spangled banner of your 
country, under whose shadow you sail the seas, is a sacred thing, 
as you well know ; in her folds there floats the very Spirit of God, 
the God that inspired your virtuous Washington, and to whom the 
framers of your Constitution raised their devout invocation; that 
banner will inspire you always with sentiments of valor and heroism, 
and it will lead you in the way of victory. 

"But do not forget, friends, that the most glorious of victories, 
that which is most worthy of your flag, will be that which you gain 
over your own selves, by being strong in character, men of virtue 
and of heroic will. 

"I recall at this moment that, at the beginning of this w r ar, 
when invaded Belgium saw 7 her youth fall sacrificed in the van- 
guard of her heroic resistance, the Belgian mothers cried out in an- 
guish, but firm as the Christian martyrs, to the great Cardinal Mer- 
cier. Archbishop of Malinas: 'Are these our sons who die on the 
field, martyrs for the faith?' 'Remember for your supreme conso- 
lation.' the illustrious prelate, deeply moved, but serene, answered 
the mothers kneeling before him. 'Remember that many of those 
young men your sons who possibly might not have had the valor to 
live well, have had it to die well. They have been happy to die for 
their country.' 

"And you, too, be thus, my friends, living by your country and 
for her; be worthy of life and you will be worthy of a glorious 
death — death which awaits us all on the horizon more or less near, 
the same in w r ar as in peace ; be noble characters ; be strong and 
valiant as men and you wall be such as soldiers ; know how to van- 
quish the enemies within you and you will conquer those without 
however strong; be good sons of your Father which is in Heaven 
and so, and only so, will you be worthy sons of your American 
Homeland which is on the earth, of the noble lady Democracy, our 
common mother in wdiose defense you have taken up arms, and 



40 A Friendly Cruise Around Latin America 

which is nothing else than virtue, self-denial in favor of the social 
well being, the sacrifice of the personal to the collective will, on the 
part of the great majority of citizens. 

"I am very sure that you will always be such for the glory of 
our democratic America. For this reason I speak to you in this 
fatherly manner, because I know Avell that I am not scattering 1 seed 
in your souls, but watering rather that which is already there, sown 
by your parents and full of germinating life. Many, and most 
happy, are the memories left in Montevideo by the notable and 
gracious visit of the United State? Fleet to which you belong, but, 
my valiant sailors, of all these memories the most gratifying and 
lasting is that of your own conduct among' us; we have seen you 
in our streets and even in our churches as models of democratic 
culture ; you have left us the example of an army of gentlemen 
above reproach, of men truly free and. what is more, of citizens 
worthy of that freedom, masters of themselves. 

"Farewell then, brave soldiers of our free and republican 
America. I have given you in my words the most precious thing 
which 1 have been able to find for you in the depths of my soul, 
the best that as a parting gift, 1 believe is to be found among the 
riches of this my country of Uruguay: paternal inspirations, sin- 
cere love for your souls. Everything else passes away, this alone 
remains to, and throughout, eternity. 

"Continue then, with valor and with unwavering faith in vic- 
tory, your glorious joumeyings on the great deep in the beneficent 
shadow of your spotless banner. Cherish with affection the remem- 
brance of this land of Uruguay, whose fraternal embrace your very 
hearts have felt. 

. "Good-bye. friends, may you be happy. 
'.'Sons, brothers, may God bless you." 

Ascent of the Rio de la Plata, Also Known as the Plat or Plate. 

It was necessary, on account of shallow water, for very slow 
speed throughout the trip ; however, the city of Buenos Aires finally 
came into view and the usual gun fire salute was commenced. 

A pause must be made here for relation of the fact that, during 
this journey on? of our most popular lads. Clay T. Lyles of Garland, 
Texas, died and that, after the customary honors, his body was sent 
home. 

In honor of the arrival of a United States squadron all places 
of business in Buenos Aires had been closed, and the people were 
celebrating in great stjde. The wharves and every building in sight 
was covered by a dense multitude of fully 400,000. These people, 
from all over the nation, kept up a constant cheer as our ships 
swept past the enormous grain elevators, and through a great man- 
ufacturing' district to one of the basins, where all of our cruisers 
tied up to the dock. The crowd on shore was decidedly disappointed 



42 A Friendly Cruise Around Latin America 

when they learned that there would be no liberty privilege granted 
until the following day, and they kept up an incessant, clamor that 
we should come ashore then and there. 

(i Oh, why do you miss the good time that we have arranged 
especially for tonight " they cried. During the excitement on 
shore an indiscreet German started a counter demonstration. I say 
indiscreet, because the man came too next day in a hospital and he is 
probably still there. Some idea of the spirit of the people may be 
inferred from the following fact: Just prior to our arrival one of 
the mightiest demonstrations ever seen in South America was made 
by a gigantic multitude, that surrounded the Presidential Palace 
and the Parliament building. These good people cheered the en- 
tente allies to the echo and demandd war against the common enemy. 

At the opportune time (i. e.. after the admiral had paid his for- 
mal respects to President Irreguoien), everybody went ashore, and 
found the town at their disposal. "Keep the money, we don't 
need it." was the sentiment of this place. There was too much of 
1 his generous treatment, however: because so many of the lads 
longed to wander about at their own sweet will, and to pay for 
what they desired. Despite the above, it is needless to say that 
every mother's son of us went broke in Buenos Aires. This enor- 
mously wealthy city, in concert with the government, saw to it 
lhat every sort of enjoyment within its confines should be free to 
the personnel of our squadron. To this end the theaters, subway 
trains, street cars, railroads, etc., were an open-sesame to men in 
uniform. On sight-seeing trips a luncheon, cigars, bundles of 
cigarettes, etc., were provided, and tips to waiters' were invariably 
refused. The government furnished a sumptuous dinner to all 
of our men. Movie actors? Well, I should say so. In fact the lads 
broke right into the razzle-dazzle picture game in all of the cities 
that they visited. Space forbids a farther narration of this topic 
and it will be dismissed with menton of the following incident : 
During one of the parades that the Yankees made, cheering' of the 
populace was spontaneous, ancl especially pronounced, whenever 
the procession paused long enough for Admiral Caperton to place 
wreaths' before the monuments of Argentina's heroic dead. 

Oh, by the way. there is a fine statue of our first President, 
George Washington, in the Calle 3 de Febrero (the month in 
which he was bom) of this city. Bernardo de Rivadavia, who was 
the first President of Argentina, is, like Washington, also called 
the father of his country. Argentina's independence was pro- 
claimed at the city of Tucuman, on the 9th day of July, 1816. One 
of the crowning 1 features, in honor of the occasion, was the mag- 
nificent electrical illumination of the place. This brilliant display 
exceeded anything of the kind that was seen during the cruise ; in 
fact, it surpassed most of the electrical exhibits that many of the 
greatest of North American cities are equal to. 



A Friendly Cruise Around Latin America 43 

The Cjity of Buenos Aires. 

(Meaning good airs.) 

This is the metropolis of South America and, from an ener- 
getic standpoint, the Chicago of the land. It has ; a population of 
1.700,000 and is growing rapidly. Furthermore it is the capital 
city of Argentina, the most cosmopolitan town of all Latin Amer- 
ica, and in the forefront of modern progress. It is apparent not 
only in this city, but also in the last two that were visited, that 
there is ample opportunity for capital and likewise skilled labor 
there. 

Don Pedro de Mendoza founded the first of the many settle- 
ments of white people at this point, and that was in 1536. The 
name given at that time was Ciudad de la Santissima Trinidad y 
Puerto de Santa Maria de Buenos Aires. The appendix Buenos 
Aires waisi given by Del Campo. who was the first man to step 
ashore. Long 1 after the Indians had destroyed several of the settle- 
ments here, then General Juan de Garay appeared upon the scene. 
Garay promptly hanged the governor, mayor and sheriff, who hap- 
pened to be then bossing 1 the place. After the hanging episode the 
city was re-established and under its prsent name. This place is 
rapidly approaching an era of skyscraper buildings, and it is con- 
spicuous for advancement along many ways. The three principal 
railway passenger stations are of gigantic size and the transporta- 
tion service, mostly double-tracked, is excellent. Two subway inter- 
urban lines are modeled after those in Paris, France, and they are 
very fine. One of the most wonderful systems of grain elevators in 
all the world is located at this point. Property has become so val- 
uable that the commodious Spanish type of homes will shortly be 
but happy reminiscences of the past. The dead-walls and a few 
badly constructed streets are also rapidly giving! way to improve- 
ments of a higher order. 

All public buildings, parks, drives, monuments, etc., are worth 
seeing. The Zoological Gardens, botanical display and the great 
French military exhibit interested the sailors. In this display there 
were extensive trenches and wire entanglemnts, also a great many 
aeroplanes and guns that were taken from the Germans during the 
present War. There are six free municipal hospitals; in fact none 
of the foreign hospitals refuse to care for free patients. Aside 
from this there are five public institutions where no charge is 
made for the care of children, while their parents are at work. 
In addition to this there are a score of societies for uplift, social 
betterment, relief of the poor, etc. Some of the streets here. as 
well as in the other places already described, are designated by 
definite dates, such as Calle 25 Mayo, Rua 13 Decembre. Paseo 9 
de Julio, etc. The two principal national holidays are July 9th 
and May 25th. The first corresponds to our 1th of July and the 
latter is in anniversary of the time when the English were driven 
from Buenos Aires. 



44 A Friendly Cruise Around Latin America 

The Argentine Republic. 

(Formerly the Spanish Viceroyalty of Buenos Aires.) 
This nation has an area of 1,138,000 square miles, and from 
the statistics of 1916, it appears that the total population was but 
7,885,237. This population consisted of 492,636 Italians, 198,685 
Spaniards, 21,789 English, and but 1,381 North Americans. A dozen 
scattering smaller lots make up the total number of the 2,357,952 
that are registered as foreigners. The climate is similar to that of 
California and the products (timber excepted) are so diversified 
as to comprise most of those that are native to the United States. 
It is a question whether any country can make so excellent a show- 
ing of hardwoods. Catholicism is the established religion, but it 
is rapidly on the wane. A significant sign thereof is that the re- 
cently elected President Hipolito Irregoyen, in taking the oath of 
office that includes allegiance to the church, concluded in sub- 
stance thus: "I subscribe to the church requirement purely as a 
matter of form." It is furthermore said that President Irregoyen 
is one of the greatest philanthropists in South America, whose 
munificence totals about $50,000 annually, that he has the confi- 
dence of the people and is unassuming' in every way. Five great 
railway systems have their termini in Buenos Aires, where the 
finest Parliament Building in South America is located. The Rio 
de Laplata, with an average width of thirty-five miles, extends in- 
land between Argentina and Uruguay for one hundred and eighty 
miles, where it receives waters of the Uruguayana (Uruguay) and 
Parana Rivers. The meaning of Rio de Laplata is River of Silver, 
and of Argentina Silverland. The greatest engineering feat of 
South America is the tunnel that was forced through the Andes 
Mountains, between Argentina and Chili. Some years since many 
Normal School teachers were imported from the United States to 
introduce a modernized system of education. Local prejudice im- 
peded the work and, for this and other reasons, the public school 
system is yet to become a satisfactory institution. Now the people 
are getting at this thing in their own way and it is not so certain 
that it is not the better way. Surely Argentina is not asleep in 
either this or any other respect. The republic reserves for itself 
one-third of the extensive oil fields that are within its confines. 
President Irregoyen voluntarily serves his country without pay. 
During the time that Admiral Caperton and his men were 
in Buenos Aires the resident German Minister, Count Von Luxburg, 
took special pains 1 to remain away from the city. However, this 
stunt "didn't get him anywhere," because after our departure, the 
Argentine Government asked him to skedaddle for good. Then 
came the anti-German ultimatum from Peru and Uruguay. All of 
Latin America was then in line except Chili, Paraguay, Ecuador, 
Colombia, Venezuela, Guiana, San Salvador and Mexico. The most 
of these nations will certainly, at the time necessary, line up; and 
those that don't are sure to find themselves elevated upon a pedes- 
tal of splendid isolation. 



A Friendly Cruise Around Latin America 45 

Our squadron left Buenos Aires on the return trip to Rio, July 
31st. The Argentine fleet, headed by the majestic battleship Riva- 
davia, escorted us, with two large torpedo boats guarding both 
sides of each cruiser, and in this way did Argentina keep constant 
vigil over our safety for sixteen long hours. 

Leading Article of "La Epoca" on the Arrival of the American 

Fleet in Buenos Aires, July 24th, 1917 — A Hearty 

Welcome to Them. 

"The fleet of the United States of America has arrived, and it 
is Welcome ; let our country be theirs, our home their home, and let 
them find in our language the same manly sentiments 1 that we ex- 
press in their language in moments of enthusiasm. Let the vessels 
of the United States be welcomed, and may the stars of their flag 
shine in the Argentine firmament as 1 in their own. May their keels 
rest in Argentine waters after their long journey, as in friendly 
waters, and may their presence here be as of a brother in a brother 's 
house. Our country celebrates the occasion as a holiday, and the 
multitudes that fill the wharves of the docks, filled with the mer- 
chandise that represents the country's wealth, offer their hearts 
and their hands as a welcome from a proud and manly nation. 

"Let the sailors from the. United States be welcome; their pres- 
ence ratifies a friendship of centuries, like a granite monument 
built on the unforgotten words of 'Henry Clay : The North Ameri- 
can fleet will not find anything fictitious or artificial in this people, 
that well understand the high motives that serve to impulse the 
acts of great nations. Our words are sincere, and our sentiments 
real, and in such terms the same sentiments were uttered to Root, 
Rowe, Roosevelt and Sherrill, that is to say that the Argentine 
people loves and admires the Ignited States and its people. 

"We remember that our institutiins are inspired in theirs, and 
that their demorracy has served as a model for ours, that their 
brave rectitude served to protect our infancy as a nation, and that 
their manly energy was a vigorous, eloquent and constant lesson 
of 'self-help' for this young Republic, in way of formation itself. 
At the present moment, full of uncertainty and unrest the United 
States, from its historic capital by the voice of President Wilson, 
concentrates and sends forth on the path of justice, the spirit of 
the nations. Wilson lays forth the formula of sacred altruism for 
humanity, as against the egoism of nations that have distinguished 
themselves in European diplomacy in the actual conflict. The 
United States ratifies the ideas of Wilson, by its material manifes- 
tation, according to the doctrines of the President. 

"Let us save the women and children, let us save men, let us 
save humanity, saving from tyranny those imperishable principles 
of morality that distinguish the civilization of our times, making- 
it just and benign, the opposite to civilizations that have passed, 
whose grandeur materially was innerly uncouth and barbarous. 



A Friendly Cruise Around Latin America 47 

Thus spoke President Wilson, and one hundred millions of free 
citizens are with him. 

"Let us remember these things: It is impossible not to do so, 
when we see amongst the fog of our estuary, appear the vessels of 
the fleet of the United States. We know that they bring us a mes- 
sage of peace and of justice, and we do not forget that they are 
instruments of war moved hy a sincere desire to do away with vio- 
lence and iniquity among the nations. 

"We must also remember that the sailors of the United States 
have prepared for war, calmly and bravely, as gentlemen and mar- 
iners, in the service of an ideal that is now common to all peoples 
brought up to respect liberty and justice ; and we welcome the fleet 
of the United States." 

Other Incidents of the Cruise. 

This chapter will be closed with the following brief state- 
ment : The Rio de Laplata is conspicuous for gulls that are of the 
same species as those that are to be seen along the Pacific Coast 
of North America. The only other gulls noticed down south were 
a ,few of very small size that flew about Guanabiara Bay. Between 
San Diego and the Rio de Laplata no gulls, except the small ones 
mentioned were seen. Instead of gulls many jet black Bosun 
birds that are graceful and shapely cut, appear. 

Our sojourn throughout the Southern seas was not all play 
by any means, because each vessel, including the flagship, de- 
voted considerable time to patrol duty between the South Ameri- 
can and African continents. No vessel was permitted to pass that 
did not exhibit sufficient evidence of her right to do so. During 
patrols the entire ship's company, excepting the few that must 
remain on duty, was assembled upon the quarterdeck each evening 
at sundown for prayer service. This was a pretty scene and not 
at all displeasing to the men. 



48 Homeward Bound 



CHAPTER FOUR. 

There were momentous happenings on September 21st, when 
the Admiral transferred his flag to the South Dakota, and when 
those of us who were destined for return to the States were sent 
over to the collier Orion. The Admiral's party consisted of his 
staff, the marine orderlies, personal attendants and the band. 

As the Motor Sailor shoved off with a draft for the home 
trip, three hearty cheers were given for the Pittsburg that we 
were leaving with regret. While all hands were ascending the 
gangway of the Orion a woman fell overboard from the ferry- 
boat Guanabara. She would have drowned had it not been for 
the Motor Sailor that rushed, at amazing 1 swiftness, to the rescue. 
We were pleased that our fellows performed this act of mercy, as 
it was a fitting climax to the sojourn in Guanabara Bay. 

Work of topping up twenty-four huge coaling booms ! and 
lowering away the same number of enormously large steel hatches 
was most effectively and easily done by means of a trolley. This 
trolley traverses an aerial track that extends longitudinally fifty 
feet high above the deck. An air of sadness prevailed when the 
body of Earl Hastings Crawford, from the supply ship Glacier, 
was brought on deck and securely lashed to the top side. During 
the homeward journey an armed sailor kept solitary vigil over 
the casket that was en route to Houston, Texas. 

At 4 p. m.. September 24th, the Orion began its sixteen-day, 
4,919 mile journey from Rio to Hampton Roads, Virginia, and all 
hands were jubilant. Just as we passed the fortress of Santa 
Cruz the most marvelous scene of the entire six months' trip, if 
not the greatest vision ever beheld by any person of the ship's 
company, suddenly burst upon our vision. The mountain tops 
were clearly defined above billowy clouds of many hues, when 
the hidden sun shot out a thousand rays of rapidly changing colors. 

These rays were in fan-shaped design and they enveloped the 
entire city of Rio de Janeiro. This was the Queen City of the 
Southern seas' farewell to us and every man was spellbound by 
it. Upon inspection of the ship it was noticed that huge masses 
of coal dust that was seen throughout the entire vessel, were 
rapidly giving' way before an army of cleaners. Then followed the 
painters, who did their work so thoroughly that one of the dirti- 
est possible of ships was soon transformed to one that was newly 
painted throughout, and all of this while the vessel was in motion. 

En route home the Orion ran into Bahia, took on a home- 
going draft from the Frederick, and proceeded on her way. Great 
disappointment was again caused when the men learned that they 
were to once more cross the equator far out at sea, and not near 



Homeward Bound 49 

the mouth of the Amazon River. The last naval service that I per- 
formed for the Government was to stand guard over the body of 
Shipmate Crawford, and the sacred duty ended just as we crossed 
the equator at 9:32 p. m. While thus employed I took a farewell- 
view of the Southern Cross. 

During the long journey, especially at night, I reclined in 
my hammock and took an interesting survey of nature through a 
porthole. Was amazed at the kaleidoscopic panorama that the 
starlight sky, the clouds, the sea and an occasional glimpse of 
land presented. The fantastic shapes of cumulus clouds; the 
silvery moonlight that shone through fleecy clouds, or scintillated 
wonderful beams o'er the dancing 1 waves; an occasional fish trail- 
ing a streak of phosphorescent fire and the ceaseless motion of 
the sea ; I say that these things insterested me. My mind then 
went back to the solemn watches of the night during which time 
the most of this story was written. To explain, I will say that 
between the soundings that I took on the berth deck, during' the 
hours from 12 o'clock midnight and 4 o'clock in the morning, the 
story was penned. 

Shortly after crossing the equator we left behind balmy 
tropical air and clear skys for the more hazy atmosphere of the 
north. Was surprised thereafter that, for the balance of the 
journey, the hottest weather of the six months' cruise prevailed. 
I took special pains to observe the wonderful sunsets that reached 
their climax as we were crossing the Tropic of Cancer. AVere I 
endowed with the imaginative genius of a Dante, and could I 
also wield the brush of an Angelo or the pen of a Dumas ; I pay, 
that I would be but poorly equipped to convey an adequate idea 
of the glorious sunset of October 6th. Suddenly the ship ap- 
peared to be surrounded by a palisade of perpendicular clouds 
that appeared to rise directly from the placid waters of an azure 
sea. These clouds were of the most beautiful species, ranging all 
the way from heavy cumulus down to those of the stirrus and 
straitus varieties. The effect was as though we were_ surrounded 
by a range of pinnacles, forests and cities. The sky directly over- 
head was clear, except for a few clusters of nimbus clouds. As the 
enormous sun sank below the horizon there were rapidly changing 
color effects, one color dissolving into another. Every conceiv- 
able color and tint was discernible in all of the clouds, and es- 
pecially upon those overhead. These colors changed with the 
rapidity of lightning, and they lingered far into the night. The 
azure sea gave place to one that was carpeted with the most deli- 
cate scintillating tints. AVhile wonder held the crowd, I solilo- 
quized as to whether any of the lads then caught a vision of 
Heaven through the medium of the clouds. Surely nature is seen 
at its very best within the wonderful realm of cloudland. 

Divine Services on the Collier Orion. 

On Sunday morning, October 7th, the writer was surprised 
when a delegation from the after end of the ship came to our 



5° Fight With a German Submarine 

quarters and requested that I should "lay aft and read a prayer, 
a passage from the Bible or give the boys a little good dope." 
When I demurred the shipmates seemed disappointed, so I re- 
quested time to get into dress -uniform and shave, which was 
granted. In less than five minutes thereafter the cross went up 
above the colors and a bugler sounded the church call. This 
was immediately followed by pipes of the bosuns and their man- 
date as follows: "Silence throughout the ship, smoking and card 
playing must cea-e until after church." I was astonished to see 
assembled the largest gathering that 1 had noticed at divine 
service during the cruise. There were three reasons for this, 
namely: there is no chaplain on the collier; second, the boys de- 
sired relief from the tedious monotony of the long cruise; and 
last, but by no means least, the lads wanted to look at the guy 
Avho would be nervy enough to tackle this job. Well, for the 
hour that followed the best possible attention was given. I was 
gratified when most of the fellows then filed past and took my 
hand in friendly grasp. A little later two of the colliers crew re- 
(j nested that, when reaching Norfolk. I should "ship over" and 
stay on the Orion. Sailor lads have their faults, bnt they are not 
so inbred or persistent as are those of the average man. The per- 
son who takes sincere interest in sailors will find ready response. 
I found it so aboard of the Pittsburg. Several men on that ship 
concerned themselves, along moral lines, with the crew. It was 
not long until this influence was decidedly prolific of good re- 
sults. It became so that scoffing ceased to be heeded and that 
the scoffers themselves turned to in the good work. As a result 
the Pittsburg now has a fine society for moral suasion and it is 
made up of the younger set. 

Fight With a German Submarine. 

Yours truly had the honor to be then on a ship that put a 
German "U" boat to flight. This happened at 4 o'clock a. m., 
on July 4th, while the Pacific fleet was having' a gala time at Rio 
de Janeiro. I say that, at this time, a large German submarine 
attacked Ponto Delgada, on the Portuguese island of St. Michaels, 
in the Azore group. The enemy fired twenty-five shots. The 
Orion gave chase and sent thirteen shells whizzing after the in- 
truder. However, this "IT" boat was beyond range of the Orion's 
guns and it didn't seek closer acquaintance. The submarine's 
commander must have "pawed the air" when he learned, as he 
probably did, that he mistook the enormous hull of the collier for 
that of a mighty battleship and thus allowed a rich Yankee prize 
to escape. The Orion is commanded by Captain J. IT. Boesch 
who directed the chase, after Seaman C. W. Newton had sighted 
the enemy. It requires no little courage to send a ponderous, 
heavily loaded collier that is armed only with popguns in pursuit 
of a very swift and heavily armed battle craft. Certainly the 



52 Fight With a German Submarine 

darkness camouflaged the Orion into a super-dreadnaught and 
seared the Bosches stiff. 

Some of our sailors who arrived at Norfolk, Virginia, from 
Europe during October touched at Ponto Delgada, and they de- 
clare that the popular name for new streets, buildings, hotels, 
theatres, goods, etc., throughout the Azores is now Orion. 

Literal translation of a letter that was received from the 
Legislature of the District of Ponto Delgada: 

Service of the Republic. 
To the Excellent 

Consul-Gen eral of the United States, 
for the Azores, 

Ponto Delgada. 

The unfortunate occurrence of being bombarded by a German 
submarine, having taken place upon this city and several neigh- 
boring townships, at daybreak today, and being certain that the 
disaster and damage caused would have been by far worse, had 
not the vessel of the great American Nation, the "Collier Orion" 
armed for war. been at our port, who's brave crew, under direc- 
tion of their honored commander, responded so valiantly and en- 
ergetically to the fire of the said war-vessel, stopping its fire 
and driving it from our coasts, thus preventing greater disaster 
to the population of this town and island. 

"The Executive Committee of the Legislature of this district, 
over which 1 have the honor to preside, as representative of the 
interests in general of said district, resolved to transmit, in its 
session of today, its expression of highest praise and deeply felt 
thanks to the commander and his brave crew, which 1 beg Your 
Excellency to transmit to them." 

I am also charged by the same committee to express the sin- 
cere thanks for the services and help afforded to the population, 
to your Government ; at the same time profiting by the occasion 
to express to Your Excellency recognition for your consideration 
the most humble respeet as a citizen of the United States and rep- 
resentative in the District for the Grande Republic. 

Health and Fraternity. 
Bureau of the Legislature of the District of Ponto Delgada, Julv 

4th, 1917. 

The President of the Executive Committee. 

(Signed) PEDRO CORREA MACHADO. 



Our Native Land 53 

Those of us who were returning home were much disappointed 
when the morning of October 10th proved to he the only blustery 
and very foggy morning 1 that they encountered during the six 
months' cruise. 

Yes, the weather was disappointing, because we were nearing 
"home, sweet home. 1 ' However, all hands were jubilant despite 
the weather. In this mood we passed between Capes Charles and 
Henry, entered Hampton Roads and continued on. There is a no 
more interesting spot, from an historical standpoint for Ameri- 
can citizens, than this same Hampton Roads. For was not the 
first white and also Negro settlements made on its banks, at 
Jamestown? Wasn't the greatest naval battles of both the 
Revolutionary War and also of the Rebellion fought in this wa- 
terway? Finally, were not the final battles of both these titanic 
struggles fought on land nearby? During the War of the Re- 
bellion Virginia lost far more men than any other state of the 
Union, every inch of her soil was repeatedly fought over and the 
property loss exceeded $300,000,000. 

After considerable delay the Orion proceeded to the Navy 
Yard at Portsmouth. En route the ship passed Jamestown, New- 
port News (off which point the Merrimac was defeated by the 
Monitor), the entrance to Chesapeake Bay, and the York River; 
the fortified island that was hastily first made by sinking bales 
of cotton, Fortress Monroe, Norfolk, etc, to destination. 

The party to which I belonged went directly to the Naval 
Hospital. This line institution was erected in 1828, and it has 
probably relieved more people from distress than any of the many 
Government asylums. Oh, what a tale could be told relative to 
the thousands of afflicted soldiers and sailors who have, at no 
time, been denied the very best care that a grateful and generous 
Government could bestow. 

From Portsmouth a side trip was made to the Yorktown battle- 
field, where Lord Cornwallis surrendered to AA 7 ashington, and thus 
brought to a close the great Revolutionary War. The old style 
houses that were erected during those early days were decidedly 
interesting sights to our company. We also inspected the cave 
that was the field headquarters of the haughty English general. A 
small slab marks the spot where Washington received the sword 
of Cornwallis and a handsome monument designates the battle- 
field. 

The Tomb of Washington. 

It is fitting that the final lines of this story should be in- 
scribed before the resting place of the immortal Washington. AW 
are told that "he Avas first in war, first in peace and first in tin 1 
hearts of his countrymen," but he was more than that, as he was 
also first in the principle that "government derives its just pow- 
ers from the consent of the governed." This proposition led out tc 
its full fruition, means the Universal Brotherhood of Mankind. 



54 The Present Situation 

Pan- America Solid in Pro- Ally Spirit. 

(Courtesy of the New York World.) 

Pan-American opposition to Germany is again emphasized by 
severance of relations between Uruguay and the Kaiser's empire. 
Fourteen nations have broken with Germany since a state of war 
was declared by the United States in April, and the Americas have 
furnished ten of the new ones whose hostility has been definitely 
announced. 

This alignment has seriously crippled the activities of German 
agents who sought to make the Americas bases for propaganda and 
intrigue. The list of the American continents will probably soon 
be increased by the addition of Argentina, and possibly by that of 
other nations. 

South American countries that have broken off with Germany 
are Brazil, Peru, Bolivia and Uruguay. Central America is in the 
same line with Nicaragua, Costa Rica and Honduras. Cuba and 
Panama ceased relations April 7. two days after the action of the 
United States, and Hayti acted in June. 

Anti-German Sentiment Grows. 

Colombia, Venezuela, Ecuador, Chili, Argentina, Paraguay, 
Salvador and Mexico yet remain neutral. Argentina's Legisla- 
ture has voted for a break. Count von Luxburg, the German 
Minister who was recently dismissed, is detained under military 
guard. 

Sentiment in Chili is in the same direction. In all of the 
countries that have acted embargoes have become effective 
against shipments that might directly or indirectly benefit Ger- 
many and German ships in their ports have been seized. 

As early as February, the day the German note regarding 
submarine warfare was received. President Menocal of Cuba 
called the Cuban Legislative Committee on Foreign Relations to- 
gether, and the same afternoon the Government forwarded a pro- 
test to Germany. In March, Dr. Pablo Desvernine, Cuban Secre- 
tary of State, assured The World correspondent in Havana that 
Cuba would take vigorous measures to put down attempts at Ger- 
man intrigue in Cuba. 

This attitude prepared the way for severance of relations. On 
April 6, immediately on receipt of the news that the United 
States had declared a state of Avar, President Menocal sent a 
message to his Congress advising that the Washington example 
be followed promptly, and Congress acted. Three German ships 
in Havana harbor were seized, and the Government put itself 
at once on a war footing. 

An appropriation of $30,000,000 was made for this purpose, 
the coast was put under effective patrol, an aviation unit was or- 
ganized and American troops were borrowed to guard against 
surprise or mischief to the island's sugar crop, the largest ever 
grown there. The Government offered to furnish a mobilization 



The Present Situation 55 

and training' ground for American troops. Washington accepted 
the offer. A council of national defense Was appointed, with 
authority to enlist and drill native forces. The seized German 
ships were turned over to the United States. 

These activities resulted in immediate cessation of revolu- 
tionary tendencies on the island, all interests loyally subscribing 
to the patriotic impulse that had actuated the Government. There 
had been many German plotters in Cuba. The Government 
rounded them up and has since kept them in subjection. 

Indorse Wilson's Note. 

On February 8th the Foreign Office in Panama replied to 
President Wilson's note suggesting that all neutrals sever diplo- 
matic relations with Germany, with a message of approval and 
mdorsement. On April 7th, President Ramon Valdez signed a 
proclamation committing Panama unreservedly to the assistance 
of the United States in the protection of the canal. He said it 
was the patriotic duty of all citizens to facilitate military oper- 
ations of the United States within Panama boundaries. President 
Valdez on the same day sent a message to President Wilson in- 
dorsing the American action toward Germany, and it was offi- 
cially announced that Germans resident in Panama would be in- 
terned if they gave any sign of being involved in enemy plots. 

Brazil broke off relations and handed the German Minister 
his passports April 10th. Several weeks elapsed before a law 
was passed definitely revoking the Government's neutrality. That 
action was tantamount to a declaration of war against Germany. 
The Parana and Tijuca, two Brazilian, ships, had been sunk by 
German submarines, and popular and official feeling was roused. 

Germany's trade course in Brazil had previously caused much 
resentment, and people and Government saw opportunity to even 
scores on that account as well. Forty-five German ships were 
seized, among them the Hamburg-American liner Blucher of 
12,350 tons, and their crews were interned. Official decree ad- 
mitted war and other ships of the Allied nations free access to 
Brazilian ports, and it was announced that the Brazilian Navy 
would take over part of the work of patrolling the South Ameri- 
can coast, where German raiders had been active. 

Hayti Declares War. 

May 4th President d'Artiguenave sent a message to the 
Haytian Congress demanding a declaration of war against Ger- 
many on the ground that five Haytians were members of the 
crew and three others were passengers of the torpedoed French 
steamship Montreal, which was plying between Bordeaux and 
Hayti. Berlin had already handed passports to the Haytian 
Charge for his protests against this violation of The Hague con- 
vention, and Hayti had rejoined by dismissing the German Charge 
at Port-au-Prince. The Congress passed resolutions of sever- 
ance, but not of war. 



56 The Present Situation 

In September the Haytian Council o,f State declared a state 
of "war. German interests in the island had been estimated at 
$20,000,000. They have since been valueless. Previous to the 
declaration of a state of war German agents Avere suspected of 
fomenting the rebellions which had disarranged the insular 
finances and had rendered all Government unstable. There has 
been American military protection since September and no recur- 
rence of political or other troubles. 

The Bolivian Minister of Foreign Affairs was authorized last 
February to support the attitude of the United States in the crisis 
with Germany. Notes to that effect were sent to Washington and 
to Berlin. Following' the Washington break in April, his pass- 
ports were handed to the German Minister in La Paz with a 
note recalling that the Bolivian Minister to Berlin was a passen- 
ger on the Holland-Lloyd liner Tubantia when that vessel was 
sunk by a submarine in neutral waters last year, and declaring 
that relations with Germany had become unsupportable under the 
aggravating circumstances. 

Peru Breaks Relations. 

In February the Peruvian press demanded that Peru join 
with the United States in condemning the ruthless submarine 
warfare by Germany. A Peruvian ship, the Lorton, had recently 
been sunk in Spanish territorial waters. Germany promised to 
pay damages if neutrality was violated, but nothing further 
came of the protest except an offer to submit the case to a prize 
court. German plots seem to have been active in Peru, and in 
April two Peruvian submarine commanders were arrested and 
imprisoned on charges of having conspired to turn Peruvian un- 
dersea boats over to Germans, to prey upon American and 
Allied shipping. 

In August Peru sent an ultimatum to Germany concerning' 
the Lorton sinking, and at the same time the Peruvian Congress 
approved the recommendation of President Pardo that Peruvian 
ports be opened to ships of the United States. Five German 
steamships and three sailing vessels at Callao were taken over in 
September. Parts of the machinery were missing. Answer to 
the Lorton ultimatum was demanded within eight days from Sep- 
tember 26th. and as none came a state of war has virtually existed 
since that time. 

Uruguay rejected the principle of submarine war in a note 
to Germany last February, and a concurrent note to the United 
States notified this Government of Uruguay's adherence to the 
principle of defense of the rights and interests of neutrals. In 
June the Uruguayan Senate decided that American warships vis- 
iting there would be treated as non -belligerents and would be 
given all peace privileges. 

Appeal to Latin America. 

In August the Government issued an appeal to ail Latin 



The Present Situation 57 

America to stand by the United States against Germany. In Sep- 
tember, 011 rumors of plans to sink the eight German ships in the 
harbor of Montevideo, the Government seized the ships and in- 
terned the crews. That act strained relations, already tense, and 
led to the final break. 

Guatemala handed passports in April to Dr. Lehmann, the 
German Minister, who bad been suspected of trying to foment 
revolutions in Central America with a view to diverting the at- 
tention of the United States from German performances by keep- 
ing it busy near home. President Cabrera informed Washington 
that his G-overnment had broken off with Germany because of its 
desire to stand with the United States in its contest for the su- 
premacy of democracy and the preservation of international law. 

Nicaragua severed diplomatic relations with Germany in May, 
offering at the time the use of its territorial waters to the United 
States. 

Costa Rica offered the hospitality of its ports to American 
warships in April, soon after Washington declared a state of 
war. It then appeared that German agents had tried to finance 
a revolt in Costa Rica, with the view of planting submarine bases 
off that coast. A pro-German newspaper was seized in San Jose 
in July. 

In September all German residents of Costa Rican ports were 
interned for abetting conspiracy against the Government, and 
September 21st the Government formally severed relations with 
Germany and the German diplomatic and consular representatives 
received their passports. Honduras broke officially with Ger- 
many May 18th, declaring that all the American nations must 
stand together fox democracy in the present crisis. 

Faces a Hostile World. 

Germany's Enemies Number Three-Fourths of All Nations — Few Neutral 

Nations Now — 'Besides the Eighten Countries Openly at War 

With Central Powers Ten Have Broken Relations. 

More than three-fourths of the world's population lives in 
the eighteen countries at war with Germany, or her Allies, accord- 
ing to compilations from Government sources. 

The persons living within the central countries are outnum- 
bered more than seven times by anti-Germanic populations, and 
the proportion is swelled even higher if consideration is taken 01 
the populations of the ten countries which have broken relations 
with the Central Powers. Germany's enemies now 1 include nearly 
all the white and yellow races, and the physical resources of about 
half the world's area are mobilized aaainst the forces of Germany, 
Austro-Hungary, Bulgaria and Turkey. 

For these reasons, observers here are watching intently the 
play of influences within the few remaining' neutrals, including 
Spain. Netherlands, Sweden, Norway, Denmark, Switzerland and 
in America, Venezuela, Paraguay, Colombia, Ecuador. Salvador 
and Mexico. 



NEARLY ALL AMERICAS ARE 
ANTI-GERMAN, MAP SHOWS. 



C A R I B Bjg-^- 




fT^^^ 



^ENEZUEL^ 
COLOMBIA Wk 




-KEY TO MAP- 

DIPLOMATIC 

RELATIONS SEVERED 

- Shaded - 

STATE OF 
WAR DECLARED t 
-Black- 



S C ^C£ o-F- MILES" 
^ince This Map Was Made Guatemala and Brazil Declared War Against 
Gcimany and Argentina Dismissed the German Minister. 



The Present Situation, 59 

Ten. Have Broken Relatione. 

Similarly, unusual interest is felt here in the future course of 
the nations which have broken relations with Germany or her 
Allies. These are Brazil, Bolivia, Costa Rica, Guatemala, Hayti, 
Honduras, Nicaragua, Peru, Uruguay, San Domingo and Argentina. 

It is pointed out here that, of the world's total population of 
1,691,000,000, about 1,342,000,000 live under flags of the Central 
Powers' open enemies in the war. About 40,000,000 inhabit the 
countries which have broken relations and 132,000.000 are neu- 
tral, while the population of Germany and her Allies is about 
177,000,000. 

Of the world's total area of 57,000.000 square miles, 27,000,000 
are under anti-German domination, while the Germanic Allies 
control only 5,000,000. 

State Department records show the following nations at war 
with Germany or her Allies: United States, Great Britain, 
France, Russia, Serbia, Japan, Belgium, Italy, Portugal, Roumania, 
Greece, Montenegro, San Marino, China, Cuba, Panama, Siam and 
Liberia. 

How Declarations Were Made. 

The alignment of these nations is shown by these formal dec- 
larations of war made since Austria precipitated the world's 
strife on July 28th, 1914, by declaring war on Serbia. These dec- 
larations are as follows : 

Austria against Belgium, Montenegro, Russia and Serbia; 
Bulgaria against Serbia ; China against Austria and Germany ; 
Cuba against Germany; France against Austria, Bulgaria and 
Germany; Germany against France, Portugal and Russia; Great 
Britain against Bulgaria, Austria, Germany and Turkey; Greece 
against Germany; Italy against Austria, Bulgaria and Germany; 
Japan against Germany; Liberia against Germany: Montenegro 
against Austria; Panama against Germany; Roumania against 
Austria; Serbia against Turkey; Siam against Austria and Ger- 
many; Turkey against all the Entente nations November 23rd, 
1914, and later against Roumania; United States against Ger- 
many. 



60 Facts and Fancies 

SUPPLEMENTARY CHAPTER 
The Officers and Men Who Made History. 

Every enterprise owes its success or failure primarily to the 
personnel of those who direct its affairs. In this respect the Pa- 
cific fleet of the United States Navy has reason to be proud. Ad- 
miral Caperton is an accomplished gentleman, of pleasing 1 person- 
ality and a diplomat who certainly does know what should be 
done, how to do it and when. Under his direction a good impres- 
sion was made in every country that was visited, not alone by the 
officers but also by the men. Am certain that the conduct of all 
American sailors while ashore was a source of pleasure to the good 
people who everywhere hailed us with delight. 

The most difficult task among the officers was undoubtedly 
that of the admiral, whose duty it was to win respect abroad, 
esteem of an exacting public at home and also the approval of his 
Government. That he is entitled +o all of this' is the consensus of 
opinion throughout the squadron. 

The commanders of each ship merited the confidence that was 
reposed in them by their superiors and also by the men. If there 
was inefficiency anywhere among the officers, it did not manifest 
itself. The commanding officers referred to were : E. G. Brad- 
shaw and Zeno E. Briggs, of the flagship Pittsburg; W. C. Cole, 
G. "W. Williams and L. A. Bostwick, of the cruisers Frederick, 
Pueblo and South Dakota respectively. The Marine Corps under 
Major B. M. Cutts and Captains G. A. Johnson and N. C. Pierce 
never failed to make a good showing. Thanks to the wise direction 
of Medical Inspector E. S. Bogert and to the untiring energies of 
Surgeons Karl Ohnesorg and II. McDonald, a good state of health 
prevailed. The construction and repair forces were equal to their 
difficult tasks, under the guidance of First Lieutenant G. W. 
Wright, the carpenter. H. M. Davis and his chief officer. A. F. 
Sloan. Fleet Chaplain L. N. Taylor was precisely the man for the 
place and he never failed to cheer up and comfort those who needed 
encouragement. Oh, hy the way ! the flagship band must by no 
means be overlooked. There are several first class musical direc- 
tors in this aggregation, which is second to no band that is afloat. 

There is no official position on a man of war that is a bed of 
roses, and the necessary discipline embraces every person from the 
admiral down. Furthermore, officers are not exempt from an 
equal share with the men of the tedious long watches of the night. 
In fact, the officers are more intensely vigilant than the men, for 
they realize that the safety of the ship and its human cargo is large- 
ly in their own keeping. It is certain that many sleepless hours are 
passed by these same officers in planning ways and means — -I say 
ways and means, not only for the comfort of the men, but that they 
may the better secure their respect and also the approbation of the 
higher nowers. 



Facts and Fancies 61 

A Tribute to the American Bluejacket. 

No class of men form such strong' and enduring friendships as 
do the naval forces of the sea. Sailors stand together through thick 
and thin, drink from the same cup, puff away calmly at the same 
cigarette and share their Inst dollar. There is no kindly act that is 
too hard to be. rendered by one shipmate for another. He doesn't 
back-bite. No ! not on your life ! but goes at it raw, face to face. 
Despite a few faults Jack is usually honest, and he will defend a 
good woman quicker than any other man on earth. 

Beyond question Uncle Sam's enlisted men do average up bet- 
ter than any equal number of persons picked up en masse from any 
walk in civil life, the church not excepted. For example, one must 
be a citizen, not necessarily a voter, to become a man-o '-war's man. 
You will not find in the navy any man, exclusive of Asiatics, who 
did not take sufficient interest in the country to learn its language; 
nor any whose chief concern is to amass money for expenditure in 
a foreign land; 1 neither those who refuse to become citizens and 
then sneak around denouncing the country that shelters them. 
Again there are no "I won't work" freaks, anarchists or blather- 
skites in Uncle Sam's Navy. 

What the American Navy needs badly isi for the Government 
and also its citizens to take a more vital interest in the sailors (not 
only during' war time, but all of the time). Do this so as to dis- 
abuse many of the lads' minds from the sordid idea that this inter- 
est is mercenary. Surround the enlisted men with at least so many 
good influences as they are now assailed by those that are bad and 
the morale of the navy will become vastly better. When sailor lads 
go ashore, weary from a prolonged cruise, the very gates of Hell in 
every port are thrown wide open and the forces there just shout for 
the boys. Surely it is the manifest duty of every good citizen to 
"stand by" then. Just cut out the thought that sailors will be sail- 
ors and conceive of the fact that sailors can be men. 

Coming right down to hard facts, the seasoned naval man is 
efficient, energetic, discreet, courteous, obedient and honest; in fact, 
he isi the peer 1 of any man. 

The Authoir's Opinion of the United States Navy. 

During 1 my six months' experience as an enlisted man aboard 
a man-o'-war, I learned the following* facts: 

That the navy is the best kind of a place for a man who will 
do the right thing: 

That payment for service, not at all arduous, is excellent, all 
things considered; especially because promotions are rapidly made; 

That the opportunity to acquire proficiency, particularly in 
the mechanical arts, cannot be equaled elsewhere; 

That the food, clothing and comforts furnished are much bet- 
ter than the average men on shore receive; 

That the chance to see many wonderful sights throughout the 




62 Facts and Fancies 

world is par-excellent. Through this medium sailor lads soon be- 
come broad-minded and educated to a surprising degree; 

The only roughnecks are among the raw recruits who, after a 
short time, 'either become g'entlemen or they have to "beat it." 

Finally, the Government takes the most tender care of its sick 
or infirm sailors, and after they have performed a reasonable 
amount of service and retire therefrom, a handsome life pension is 
the reward. 

PERTINENT FACTS 

Relative to the United States Navy, Especially Concerning 

Cruisers. 

An American cruiser, although not armed with the largest of 
guns is able to seriously tantalize those that are, for with her bow 
and stern shot away and her bottom punched full of holes she is still 
able to float and shoot, and when she shoots the target is struck; 
provided it is within range. Cruisers are only in fear of torpedoes, 
several of which they also carry. The wonderful equipments of 
these ships and the marvelous manner in which they are handled 
far exceeds the imaginatoin of the average person. 

Cruisers are a honeycomb device consisting of several hundred 
absolutely water-tight compartments, from every one of which there 
are two ways of escape. Every man has a specific duty to perform 
and knows how to do it ; furthermore, he must give an account to 
the man higher up. The President of the United States receives the 
report from the Secretary of the Navy, who checks up Chief Admiral 
Benson. Thus it runs down the line through the division admiral, 
the captains of ships under his command, the heads of departments, 
chief petty officers, etc. Every pound of nails, stick of timber, sack 
of powder, can of provisions : in fact, each article used aboard ship 
must be accounted for. Thus it happens that discipline of a high 
order is the watchword throughout the navy. Red tape it is called, 
but withoiit these regulations all would be chaotic aboard ship. 

Usually about 5 :30 a. m. the reveille, that sounds so sweetly 
on shore but which spells dismay to so many aboard ship, is 
sounded. The boys sing it in rag time, something 1 like this : 
"I can't git 'em up, I can't git 'em up, 
I can't git 'em up, in the morning; 
I can't git 'em up, I can't git 'em up. 
I can't git 'em up at all." 

The rest of the words of this ditty would not look well in 
print, so you may guess at it. Instantly following reveille the air 
is made hideous by the tooting of many pipes and sonorous voices 
of the boatswains, who bellow out "Arise and Shine," "Up All 
Hammocks." "Show a Leo- There," "Corking Mats of the Deck." 



Facts and Fancies 63 

etc. Woe betide the drowsy guy who slumbers ou. as he is likely 
to 1 get a smash across the place where his hammock sags the low- 
est. Directly after roll-out comes deck scrubbing and wash-up 
followed by pipe down for morning chow, which is served by soup- 
hounds, or as the boys when angry call them, slop-hounds. Now 
look out for the charge of the ration grabbers, when we used to 
hear something like this: '"'One foot on the deck; fire and fall back; 
have a heart there; don't hog all the beans; that man has grabbed 
six men's rations of prunes; here, you guy with six hot dogs, come 
across with my share." Yes, we heard this sort of thing at the 
commencement of the cruise, when three-fourths of the ship's com- 
pany were raw 1 recruits and the ship was handicaped for efficient 
service to care for the unusual crowd. It wasn't long, however, 
when all was serene around the festive board. Now for continu- 
ation of the regular order. 

The smoking lamp is out for fifteen minutes. 
Scrnb, wash and mend clothing. 

At 8 o'clock salute the colors, visit the dentist, go to the sick 
bay and turn in if sick or turn to for duty, as the case may be. At 
this same hour the admiral signals the uniform of the day, which 
must be donned by every man throughout the squadron. 

Except for an hour, when the sun crosses' the yardarm and the 
men are at dinner, most of the time until 4 o'clock is; given over to 
drills. Not every drill is held each day, but there is always enough 
to keep men and officers from growing stale. The "great gun drill" 
is a performance such as the men might have to go through in the 
actual manning of the battery, loading, pointing and firing of guns. 
As sailors have to be soldiers, they go through a drill called the 
* ' school of a soldier. " " Fire quarter, " " collision drill ' " and ' ' aban- 
don ship ' ' are for the training of the sailors to meet emergencies. 

"General quarters" sends every man to his place on the ship 
so that he may be ready for "clearing ship for action," which 
means all the rigging and everything that would impede firing 
must be got out of the way. 

Every man in these drills must do his utmost to keep up with 
his mates, and it is this friendly emulation that turns out such a 
eapable body of sailor men. The new men begin their naval life in 
a separate sqnad. Of course one of the first things a sailor has to 
learn, if he does not already know it. is how to swim. Then he 
must be disciplined in the life of a sailor, must learn how to sling 
and lash his hammock and to keep his belongings as a sailor should. 
He is instructed in signalling, boxing the compass and the flags 
of the nations of the earth. He must learn how to heave the lead 
and take soundings and to handle the ropes deftly and to whip 
and splice when necessary. 

At the training stations he g'oes aboard a small practice vessel 
and puts into practice what he has learned ashore. 



64 Facts and Fancies 

The Navy's Schools 

At the end of four months lie roust pass an examination. This 
safely over, he becomes an acknowledged member of the navy. This 
is an age of specialization in the navy as elsewhere. Manj^ of the 
men enter the electrical schools, where they have eight months of 
instruction. The seaman gunners' classes have six months' courses 
qualifying the men as gunners* mates for the battery of the man-o'- 
war. Beyond this there is the course in the manufacture and use of 
high explosives, the care of torpedoes and the laying of mines in the 
naval torpedo school 

There is also a school for the study of engines and boilers; an- 
other one where carpenters, blacksmiths, plumbers, cooks and other 
specialists can be taught. 

Competition between the ships is remarkably keen, and each 
sailor is as deeply interested in the rating of his ship as is the com- 
manding officer. A reuular schedule of engineering is made out 
every year for each ship, and the way in which they meet the test 
decides their standing. 

In addition to the practical instruction at the training sta- 
tions and in the navy trade schools a course of academic instruc- 
tion is provided. But Jack's life is far from being all Avork and 
no play. 

The men finish their day's work at eight bells — four o'clock 
in the afternoon. They then scatter about, read, play games, sing, 
spin yarns, play with their pets or do whatever they like. 

After supper, which is served at 6 o'clock and consists of 
meat and potatoes, dessert, bread and butter and tea, the men 
again have time for rest or recreation. Some of them go to the 
"'movies." 

But "tattoo" comes early — at 9 o'clock — and a few minutes 
later "taps." 

The reason for superior efficiency on a United States ship lies 
in its excellent system of organization as outlined below 1 : 

Captain or Commander in Charge, after which comes the Departments, 
as follows: 

First Lieutenant. 

Chief Masters at Arms (2) — Yeoman (1). 

Chief Boatswain and Mates (2). 

Coxswains [str.] (4). 

Sailmakers (1). 
Chief Carpenter — Chief Carpenter's Mates (2). 

Carpenter's Mates (6). 

Shipwrights (6). 

Shipfitters (3). 

Blacksmith (1). 

Plumbers (2). 

Painters (4). 

Printers (3). 
Navigator. 

Chief Quartermasters (2). 

Ship's Quartermasters (5). 

Signalmen [Sea. and Ord. Sea.] (16). 



Facts and Fancies 65 



Ordnance Officer. 

Electrical Gunner. 

Chief Electricians (2). 

Electricians (22). 

Radio Chief Electrician (1). 

Radio Electricians (3). 

Ordnance Gunner — Chief Gunner's Mates (2) — Yeoman (1) 

Fire Control Officer — Electricians (2) — Gunner's Mates (3). 

Torpedo Officer — Chief Gunner's Mate (1)— Gunner's Mates (7). 
Division Officers. 
For each one of the Turrets there are the following: 

Chief Turret Captain (1). 

Gunner's Mates (2). 

Boatswain's Mates (2). 

Coxswains (2). 

Seamen (21). 

Ordinary Seamen (2 8). 

Electricians (1). 

Masters-at-Arms (1). 
And for Six-inch Battery forward: 

Gunner's Mates (2) 

Boatswain's Mates (2). 

Coxswains (2). 

Seamen (10). 

Ord. Seamen (20). 
And for Six-inch Battery Aft: 

Gunner's Mates (3). 

Boatswain's Mates (2). 

Coxswain (1). 

Seamen (18). 

Ord. Seamen (26). 

Masters-at-Arms (1). 
Engineer Officer: 

Yeoman (1). 

"Warrant Ehgineer Officers (3). 
Engine-room Force: 

Chief Machinist's Mates (3). 

Machinist's Mates and Oilers (36). 
Assistant Engineer Officer: 
Fireroom force. 
Chief Water Tenders (3). 

Blacksmith Con^rf mith and Water Tenders (14). 
Firemen and Coal Passers. 
Pay Officer:,! 

Pay Clerks (2). 
Commissary Steward (1). 
Ship's Cook (13). 
Bakers (4). 
Yeomen (4). 
Officers' Servants (3 3). 
Medical Officer: 

Junior Medical Officer. 
Hospital Steward (1). 
Hospital Apprentices, 1st Class (2). 
Hospital Apprentices (4). 
Marine Officer: 

Junior Marine Officer. 
First Sergeant (1). 
Sergeants (2). 
Corporals (6). 
Privates (63). 
Trumpeter (1). 
Drummer (1). 
Band (16). 



66 Facts and Fancies 

How to Distinguish Ranks and Ratings in the United States Navy. 

Here is a description of the various devices and insignia, by which the rank 
and rating and also the branches of the service may be distinguished for men in 
the navy. In the case of commissioned officers reference will always be to the 
collar, as that is the marking most likely to be noticed by the man in the street. 

Admiral of the Navy — Four silver stars of five rays each, the two end stars 
surcharged upon gold foul anchors, the crowns of the anchors pointing toward 
each other and one ray of each star pointing upward. 

Rear Admiral — Same as for admiral of the navy, omitting the anchor near 
the front edge of the collar but retaining its star, thus having four stars, the 
rearmost one surcharged on a gold anchor. 

Vice Admiral — Same as for admiral, but only three stars and substituting a 
silver foul anchor without a star for the gold anchor surcharged with ai star. 

Commodore — Same as for rear admiral, but with only one star. 

Captain — A silver spread eagle and a silver foul anchor in the rear of the 
eagle. 

Commander — A silver oak leaf and a silver foul anchor in the rear of the 
leaf. 

Lieutenant Commander — A gold oak leaf and a silver foul anchor in the 
rear of the leaf. 

Lieutenant — Two silver bars and a silver foul anchor in the rear of the 
bars, all bars at right angles to upper edge of collar. 

Lieutenant, Junior Grade — A silver bar and a silver foul anchor in rear of 
bar. 

Ensign — A silver foul anchor. 

Chaplain — < >n thp collar one inch from the neck opening a Latin cross em- 
broidered in silver. 

Chief Boatswain — Two foul anchors crossed, embroiderd in silver sur- 
charged at point of crossing with a gold five-pointed star. 

Chief Gunner — A naming spherical shell embroiderd in silver, flame hori- 
zontal and pointing to the rear, surcharged at the center of the shell with a 
gold five-pointed star. 

Chief Machinist — A three-bladed propeller embroiderd in silver, surcharged 
at the center with a gold five-pointed star. 

Chief Carpenter and Carpenter — A carpenter's square, point down, embroi- 
dered in gold and silver respectively. 

Chief Sailmaker and Sailmaker — A diamond embroidered in silver and gold 
respectively. 

Chief Pharmacist and Pharmacist — A cadueeous embroidered in gold and 
silver respectively. 

Midshipmen — A gold anchor, shank vertical. 

Medical Officers — A silver acorn leaf embroidered upon a gold spread oak 
leaf with the stem outward. 

Pay Officers — A silver oak sprig of three leaves and three acorns inscribed 
in a rectangle. 

Naval Constructors — A gold sprig of two live oa.k leaves and an acorn. 

Civil Engineers — Two crossed silver sprigs, each of two live oak leaves and 
an acorn. 

Medical Reserve Officers — A gold acorn leaf embroidered upon a silver 
spread oak leaf. 

Distinguishing marks for non-commissioned officers and enlisted men are 
the following: 

Radio Operator — Four zigzag lines as of lightning. 

Torpedoman — A torpedo. 

Musicians — A lyre. 

Bugler — A bugle. 

Shipwright — Two axes crossed. 

Ship's Cooks and Bakers and Officers' Stewards and Cooks — A silver cres- 
cent on a dark background. 

Hospital Apprentice — A Geneva cross of red cloth. 



Facts and Fancies 67 



Dates and Distances From the Navigator's Records of the U. S. S. 
Pittsburgh, Flagship Pacific Fleet. 

Left San Diego on May 7th for San Jose de Guatemala. Ar- 
rived in that place on May 14th at about 4:30 p. m. Distance trav- 
eled 2300 miles. Left San Jose de Guatemala May 17th at about 
7:15 a. m. Arrived at Balboa, C. 71., on May 21st at 5 p. m. There 
we went into drydock for one day. Left Balboa. C. Z., on May 
24th about 7 a. m. ; distance traveled 1.000 miles. Proceeded 
through the canal to Colon; distance traveled 56 miles. Left Colon 
on May 30th at about 10 a. m. for B'ahia, Brazil, June 15th at about 
4 :15 p. in. ; distance traveled 3,600 miles. Left Bahia on June 21st 
at 9 a. m. and arrived in Rio de Janeiro June 23rd at 6 :30 p. m. ; 
distance traveled 800 miles. Left Rio de Janeiro July 6th at 5 :30 
a. m. Arrived in Montevideo July 10th at about 7 :45 a. m. ; dis- 
tance' traveled 1,000 : miles. Left Montevideo July 22d at 9:10 a. m. 
Arrived in Buenos Aires July 24th at about 6 :15 p. m. ; distance 
about 125 miles. Left Buenos Aires July 31st at 1:30 p. m. Left 
Rio de Janeiro September 21st at 4 p. m. for a sixteen-day run to 
Hampton Roads ; distance 4919 miles. 



S8 Facts and Fancies 

A Brazilian Bill of Fare 

MENU 
Chicken Soup (Canja) $S00 

COLD (FRIAS) 
Assorted Meats & Potato Salad l$20u 

FISH (PE1XES) 

Boiled (Cosido) Brasilian Style 1$200 

Filets with dressing 1$000 

ENTREES (BNTRADAS) 

Beefsteak <.<• Fried Potatoes (Bifes c Batatas Fritas) $800 

Eggs & Bacon (Ovos estrelades ao Bacon) 1$200 

Eggs & Ham (Ovos estraldos presunto) 1$200 

y 2 Roast Chicken ( % Frango Assado) 1$500 

Soft Boiled Eggs (Ovos Quentes) $600 

Fried Eggs (Ovos Fritos) $800 

Beefsteak & Eggs (Bifes com Ovos) 1$400 

GRILL (GRILHADAS) 

Chicken (Frangos) 1$500 Ribs of Pork, Mutton or Veal 

Liver (Figado) $800 (Costelletas de Porco Car- 
Kidneys (Rins) 1$000 nciro e Vitella) 1$200 

ROASTS (ASSADOS) 
Chicken (Frangos) 1$500 

VEGETABLES (LEGUMES) 

Spinach (Espinafre) $600 Palm Hearts (Palmitos) $60( 

Greens (Grellos) ?6(»<! 

SALADA 

Lettuce (Alface) Cress (Agriao) or Potato (Batata) $600 

DESSERTS 

Fruit Pie (Torta de Frutas) . . $000 Sliced Bananas with milk, 

Plums (Ameixas) $500 Sugar $500 

Quince Jam (Marmellada) $400 Jelly $500 

Goiaba Cheese (Goiabada) $400 Sweet Omelet -....1$500 

Baked Bananas (Bananas Assa- (Omelete ao Sucre) 

das)) $600 Fried Bananas $600 

(Compote de Goiaba) $500 (Bananas Fritas) 

Mamao Preservers (Compote) .$500 Bananas uncooked $200 

FRUITS (FRUTAS) 

Pears, Apples, Grapes (Peras) (Macas) (Uvas) Mamao , $500 

Mineral Water 1$000 Bread & Butter (Pao e Man- 
Coffee (Cafe) $100 or $200 teiga $300 



Facts and Fancies 69 



WHAT IS A PRO-GERMAN? 

(Reprinted at the request of the Oakland War Service League.) 
By HERBERT QUICK 

A pro -German is a man who, by private or public utterances, stands in the 
way of a whole-hearted prosecution of this war and the defeat of the German 
will to conquer. 

He may do it by finding fault with the conduct of the war. He may do it 
by impracticable peace arguments. He may do it through a mistaken policy. 
He may do it because he is in the pay of the German government. He may do 
it because he has been befooled and bamboozled by those who are ir^ Ger- 
many's pay. 

The German will to expansion by conquest must be broken by defeat. If 
that rapacious will be not broken, the war will not give us peace. In all the 
history of the world there never existed a conquering nation less fit to rule 
others than are the Germans. This is true because the German policy is so 
brutal, so cruel, so scientifically exterminating. In the streets of every town 
in German Poland children are falling and dying of starvation. Children 8 to 
12 years of age are being- carried through the streets by their parents because 
they are too weak to walk — because of starvation. The Poles are* being 
exterminated as fast as possible by the Germans just as the Armenians — the 
oldest Christian nation in the world — are being exterminated by the Germans 
and Turkfe. Why? Because Germany wants the property of the Poles fur 
Germans after the war; and because they want the property of the Armenians 
for the Turks and Germans after the war. 

Their will can and must be broken by defeat. It is not the will of the 
individual German. It is the bloody, brutal, cruel, devilish will of the German 
government and the German ruling class, mis-educated in the school which 
believes that war is the summation of human good. 

A pro-German is any one who stands in the way of our successful prosecu- 
tion of the war. Every word that falls from the tongue of any American or is 
written by him carries with it a responsibility greater than ever existed in the 
history of this nation. Look well to what you say or dp. 

Germany has in this country hundreds of papers printed in the German 
tongue. Whether this ought to be or not is a grave question. If any of these 
papers are loyal, I do not know of them. Some of them may be, but I have 
not heard of them. 

These and other papers and many individuals say they are for America, but 
none of them say they are against Germany. He who is for us is against 
Germany. He who is not against Germany, tooth and nail, in this, war is not 
for America. You can tell the pro-German by another test: If he is against 
France, or against Italy, or against Russia, he is pro -German. 

The armies and navies of these powers are fighting our fight. They are 
dying by thousands every day to make the world safe for democi-acy. If we 
win, we must win because they do most of the fighting and dying, while we 
only do some of it. 

The enemy of Great Britain is pro-German. The enemy of Russia is pro- 
German and anti-democratic. The enemy of Italy is against America. The 
enemy of France is lost to every claim of patriotism. 

Do not let these pro-Germans poison the atmosphere in your locality by 
slandering our allies without challenge. It is time to call down the man who 



yo Facts and Fancies 

tights against our armies with tongue or pen, no matter what flag those armies 
are fighting under. Words are things. In such a crisis they are dreadful 
things, portentious things, things which can not be allowed to pass; as of 
no account. 

Germany is penetrating every country of the world with her hired spies 
and traitors. She disorganized the Russian army through traitors after the 
revolution. She knew the plan of Russian battle beforehead through traitors. 
She has filled this country with spies and traitors. She has financed the 
I. W. W., without a doubt. She has destroyed property and debauched our. 
citizens. 

Is there any American v. ho does not long for peace? Not one! Neither is 
there a Briton or Frenchman or Italian or Russian. But it must not be a 
German peace, leaving the great spider in the center of his web waiting for 
another chance. It must be a real peace. It must be made with the. German 
people or with a ruined Hchenzollem — one or the other. But he who talks 
peace as if he only longs for it, as if he only were commissioned to make 
peace, must want a different sort of peace from the sort we must have. Dis- 
trust him. He may be sincere, but he may not be. 

The world has in the past been conquered by traitors — oftener than it was 
ever conquered by arms. The Mexican people fought each other into slavery 
to Spain. Let us not be bought by German gold into slavery to Germany. 



Roster of Pacific Fleet Officers 71 

UNITED STATES PACIFIC FLEET. 

Roster of Officers. 

Admiral William Banks Caperton. United States Navy, com- 
mander in chief. 

Commander L. MeNamee, Chief of Staff. 
Medical Inspector E. S. Bogert, Fleet Surgeon. 
Pay Inspector J. Fyffe. Fleet Paymaster. 
Major of Marines, R. M. Cutts, Marine Officer. 
Lieutenant A. T. Beauregard, Flag Secretary. 
Lieutenant H. M. Lammers, Flag Lieutenant. 
Lieutenant (j. g.) W. S. Hogg', Fleet Radio Officer. 
Assistant Paymaster T. A. Culhane. 
Gunner J. J. Alexander, Radio Gunner. 
Engineer H. G. Bowen. Fleet Engineer. 

Commissioned Officers. 

Commander G. B. Bradshaw Ensign F. W. Wead 

Commander Z. E. Brigigs Ensign E. P. Sauer 

Lieut. Comdr. J. W. Pond Ensign B. R. Alexander 

Lieut. G. B. Wright _ Ensign J. A. Sternberg 

Lieut. J. A. Monroe Ensign W. P. Bacon 

Lieut, W. AV. Bradley Ensign -I. M. Steele 

Lieut. E Lyders, NCDR Ensign W. P. Rutledge 

Lieut, R. Agerup, NCDR Ensign J. D. Price 

Lieut, M. Harloe, NCDR Ensign E. W. Sprague NNV 
Lieut, (jg) R. M. Johnson NCDR Ensign F. Risser 
Lieut, (jg) J. D. McLeod, NCDR Ensign N. Anderson 

Ensign W. H. A. Pike Jr. Ensign F. Evans 

Ensign W. Granat Ensign F. Myers 

Ensign R. J. Jondreau Ensign C. S. Chapman 

Ensign J. B. Kneip Ensign C. J. Nanson 
Ensign D. C. Watson 

Warrant Officers. 

Surgeon Karl Ohnesorg Chaplain L. N. Taylor 

Asst. Surg. H. McDonald Machinist G. C. Neilson 

Dent. Surg. J. D. Halleck Carpenter H. M. Davis 

Paymaster C. S. Baker Asst. Paymaster F. A. Abbott 

Asst. Pay. F. G. Crist. NFR Act. Pav Clerk D. F. Zimmerman 

Capt. G. A. Johnson, USMC Prov. Act, Pav Clerk W. S. Cooper 
First Lieut. J. B. Sebree, USMC Prov. Act. Pay Clerk C. C. Hanan 

FIRST DIVISION. 

Pittsburgh (Flagship). 

Commander G. B. Bradshaw Lieut. E. Lyders, N. R, F. 

Lieut. J. E. Pond Lieut. M. Harloe. N. R, F. 

Lieut. J. A. Monroe Lieut, (j.g.) J. D. McLeod. N.R.F. 



Roster of Pacific Fleet Officers 



Ensign W. Granat 
Ensign J. B. Kneip 
Ensign F. W. Wead 
Ensign B. R. Alexander 
Ensign W. P. Bacon 
Ensign P. W. Rutledge 
Ensign E. W. Sprague, N.N.V. 
Asst. Surg. II. .McDonald 
Paymaster C. S. Baker 
G. A. Johnson. U. S. M. C. 
Chaplain L. N. Taylor 
Commander Z. E. Briggs 
Lieut. G. B. Wright 
Lieut. W. W. Bradlev Jr. 



Lieut. R. Agerup, N. R. F. 
Lieut, (j. g.) R. M. Johnson, NRF. 
Ensign W. H. A. Pike Jr. 
Ensign R. J. Jondreau 
Ensign D. C. Watson 
Ensign E. P. Saner 
Ensign J. M. Sternberg 
Ensign J. M. Steele 
Ensign J. D. Price 
Surgeon Karl Ohnesorg 
Dental Surgeon J. D. Halleck 
Asst, Pav. F. G. Crist. N. R. F. 
Lieut. First. J. B. Sebree. U.S.M.C. 



Frederick. 

Captain W. C. Cole Lieut. 

Lieut. Com. R. S. Culp Lieut. 

Lieut. J. J. Manning Lieut. 

Lieut. K. II. Baker, N. N. V. Lieut. 

Lieut. K. A. Silent. N. X. V. Lieut. 

Lieut, (j.g.) H. S. Haynes. N.N.V. Lieut. 

Ensign J. Wilkes Ensdg 

Ensign 1. Parker Ensig 

Ensign I. Lehrfeld Ensig 

Ensign L. D. filler, X. R. F. Ensig 

Ensign S. R. Siebert, X. X. V. Ensig 

Ensign C. W. Pierce. X. X. V. Ensig 

Paymaster E. M. Hacker P. A. 
Asst. Surg. T. C. Pounds. X. N. V. 



Com. J. P. Jackson 

Com. W. B. Allison. X.X.V. 

A. A. Garcelon 

J. A. Ducray, X. X. V. 

W. E. Hubbard, X. N. V. 

(j.g.) W. R. Cobb. X.X.V. 
n J. A. Scott 
n J. C. Tvler 
n W. S. B. Claude 
n A. M. Baldwin, X. X. V. 
n C. B'. Tillotson, X. N. V. 
n J. II. Garrett, X. R. F. 
Surg 1 . C. B. Munger 



Pueblo. 



Captain G. W. Williams 
Lieut. W. A. Glassford Jr. 
Lieut. J. F. McCloin 
Lieut, (j.g.) A. Schulze 
Lieut. F. R. Seaver. X. X. V. 
Lieut. W. C. Tooze, N. X. V. 
Lieut, (j.g.) H. C. Buckle, N.N.V. 
Ensisn G. P. Brewster Jr. 
Midn. V 0. Clark 
Midn. H. W. Anderson 
Ensign R, J. A. Stern. X. N. V. 
Ensign Dana Hogan, N. N. V. 
Ensign A. A. Oakley. N. R. F. 
P. A. Surg. A. J. Murietta. N.N.V. 
P. A. Paymaster M. D. Stanley 



Lieut, Com. M. H. Simons 
Lieut. W. C. Owen 
Lieut, (j.g.) N. W. Hibbs 
Lieut, J. G. Willey, N. N. V. 
Lieut. F. S. M. Harris, N. N. V. 
Lieut. D. A. Loebenstien, N. N. V. 
Ensign C. H. Ritchie 
Ensign Carlvle Craig 
Midn. II. F/Conneill 
Ensign H. H. Gill, N. N. V. 
Ensign R. G. Shivery, N. N. V. 
Ensign R. T. Haas, X. N. V. 
Surgeon E. G. Parker 
Asst. Surg. W. H. Bowman 
Capt. H. C. Pierce, U. S. M. C. 



Roster of Pacific Fleet Officers 
South Dakota. 



73 



Captain L. A. Bostwick 

Lieut. Com. L. H. Lacy 

Lieut. E. D. Almy 

Lieut. T. L. McCauley 

Lieut. G. H. Jett, N. N. V. 

Ensign W. A. Corn 

Ensign P. P. Thomas 

Ension G. K. Weber 

Ensign E. W. Hoffman. N, N. V. 

Ensign E. H. LeTourneau, N.N.V. 

Ensign R. A. Mackey, N. N. V. 

Asst. Surg. C. I. Wood 

Asst. Pay. R. W. Swearingen 



Lieut. Com. M. G. Cook 
Lieut. Com. G. F. Blair. N. N. V. 
Lieut. H. A. Jones 
Lieut. Weddell Poss, N. N. V. 
Lieut, (j.g.) H. F. Parmelee 
Ensign J. M. Moss 
Ensign F. G. Fabrion 
Ensign Robert B. Mathews 
Ensign J. C. Freeman Jr.. N.N.V. 
Ensign II. M. Wakeman. N. X. V. 
Ensign W. A. McAdam. N. N. V. 
Asst. Surg. B. L. Norden, N.N.V. 



Complete Roster of the Crew of the Cruiser Pittsburg*. 



Aberle, Leo L. 
Ackerman, Glenna A. 
Adams. Alexander G. 
Adams, Harry A. 
Adams, Robert F. 
Adams, William W. 
Adcock, Paul W. 
Adkins, Nick W. 
Ager, Miles K. 
Alfaro. Juan 
Alger, Sam 
Allen, Thomas 1 C. 
Anient. Herbert E. 
Amnion, Alfred B. 
Amos. Leoncio 
Anderegg, Dewey F. 
Anderson, Elmer W. 
Anderson, John M 
Anderson, Melvan R. 
Anderson, Ralph R. 
Anderson, Rowland 
Anderson, William 
Andrews, Donald H. 
Andrews Jr.. Edwin S. 
Andrews, Joseph S. 
Angkico, Leopoldo 
Anglovic, John M. 
Applegate, Hubert F. 
Arnold, Victor W. 
Argnle, William L. 
Armstrong, James 
Armstrong, Jay W. 



Arnold, Earnest E. 
Asercion, Delfm 
Ashley, Frank E. 
Atherton, Ralph 
Aubrey. Jr., Harry P. 
Avery, Samuel R. 
Bagby, George F. 
B'aggett, Lucius T. 
Baker, Forbes L. 
Baker. Gordon L. 
Baker, James L. 
Baldwin, Leslie 
Balingao, Mariano E. 
Bares, Emite J. 
Barnard, Jessie L. 
Barner. Fred M. 
Barnhart, William H. 
Barnhouse, Edward B. 
Barrett, Jason A. 
Barrett, John W. 
Barthel. Joseph L. 
Barton, Ubert S. 
Basden, Bennie 
Batch eler. John E. 
Baxter, William 0. 
Bay, Ira M. 
Beer, Warren J. 
Bell. Thomas A. 
Bell, Thomas J. 
B'eltram, Fabian 
Bennett. Jack 
Berg. Louis A. 



Roster of Enlisted Men of the U. S. S. Pittsburg 



74 

Berg'bower, Deo B. 
Bergin, John V. 
Berreth, Charley 
Beye, Oral A. 
Biggers, Earl G. 
Billingsley, Claud H. 
Bird. William J. 
Birge, Lorenzo 
Birk, Everill R. 
Bitonio, Maeario 
Bjerke, Henry 
Blackett, Walter N. 
Blnmberg, Ewart G. 
Blythe, Oscar T. 
Boice, Wes 
Bold ma n, Blanchard 
Boldman. William 
Boiling, Robert A. 
Bond, Everett J. 
Bond, Percy 
Bonner, Thomas W. 
Bonus, Baltazas 
Boos, George 0. 
Borgman, Barnard 
Boswell, Albert L. 
Bower, Philip F. 
Box, Horace 
Boyce, Harry L. 
Boyd, Aubrey A. 
B'oyer, Raymond W. 
Brackett, Charles A. 
Braekett. Joe W. 
Bradbury Herbert T. 
Bradley, Benjamin P. 
Bradley, Forrest F. 
Brady, William F. 
Brandt, Frank S. 
Brandt, Willard H. 
Brandt, Wilbert H. 
Brannan. Roy 
Bratton, Elijah A. 
Bridges, Walter 
Britton, Ira H. 
Brock. William B. 
Brockhausen, Chester 
Brooks, Owen E. 
Brown. Jack 
Brown, James R. 
Brown, John P. 



BroAvn, Russell C. 
Bruker, Francis H. 
B'runner, Frank 
Buce, Jack McK 
Bulling er. Fred 0. 
Bunce, Frank 
Burns, Frank 
Burns, John F. 
Burro. Grigorio 
Buster, Pearly E. 
Butcher, Fred R. 
Butler, Martin K. 
Buzard, Alfred J. Jr. 
Byas, John F. 
Byram, George C. 
Bywaters, Branson B. 
Cain, Will J. 
Calamo, Charles A. 
Caldron. Joseph 
Caldwell, Robert 
Campbell, Charlie W. 
Campbell, John A. 
Campbell, Roy 
Cannon, George E. 
Cannon. John M. 
Cantrowith, Louis A. 
Carey, Denis A. 
Carley, Richard E. 
Carlile, Herman J. 
Carlton, Paul C. 
Carpenter, Floyd A. 
Carrigan. Chester J. 
Carson. Albert E. 
Carter, Fred J., Jr. 
T'ase. Hugh F. 
Casey. Guy 
Casler, Joe 
Cassel, Ned 
Cates, Earl L. 
Catlett, John M. 
Caudell, Jess G. 
Chadick, Alva G. 
Chalk, William T. 
Chamberlain, Reamer A. 
Chambers, Robert J. 
Charles, Herbert G. 
Chenoweth, William 
Cherry, John S. 
Chervinski, Leonard M. 



Roster of Enlisted Men of the U. S. S. Pittsburg 



Cho, Bung H. 
Cisko, Paul 
Clarey, Roy A. 
Clark, Anderson 
Claassen, George D. 
Cleland, George S. 
Clemons, Stanford B. 
Clyde, Ralph 
Cochran, John 
Cockrell, Alexander M. 
Coffin, Henry S. 
Cogdill, Richard E. 
Coker, James W. 
Colbert, Harry E. 
Colby, Marcus W. 
Coleman, Ray 
Coleman, William J. 
Coley, Webster 
Comstock, Guy 
Condon, George H. 
Conger, Elias G. 
Conklin, Grove B. 
Conners, Harry C. 
Conner, Leslie C. 
Cook, Charles C. 
Cook. Leary L. 
Cooper, Harry D. 
Copeland, Carey H. 
Cordero, Rufino 
Corner, Ivan W. 
Coville, Tony M. 
Cox, John 0. 
Cox, James F. 
Crafton, Travis C. 
Crain, Harold D. 
Crane, David N. 
Crawford, Everett B. 
Cre»on, Clifford D. 
Crow, Joseph 
Crow, Riley T. 
Crudo, Eugenio C. 
Croickshank, George 
Cull, Francis J. 
Cummings, Engrain 
Cummings, John W. 
Cummings, Benjamin G. 
Cundy, Gilbert DeA. 
Curlee Joe E. 
Currier, Roland L. 



Daggett, Arthur B. 
Dahl, Phillip H. 
Dailey, Daniel J. 
Dalglish, John F. 
Dallimore, William F. 
Daniel, Austin H. 
Daniels, Anthony 
Darr, Albert R. 
Davies, Guy L. 
David, Juan 
Davies, William A. 
Davin, Camile E. 
Davis, Allen 
Davis, Charles W. 
Davis, Joseph S. 
Davis, Leonard S. 
Davis, Ovid E. 
Dawson, John B. 
Dav, Arthur R. 
Dean, Clyde H. 
Decker, Marshall 
De Lancey, Charles R. 
Delaney, Joseph H. 
Delliquadri, Dominick F. 
Denike, Albert C. 
Denniss, Otto F. 
De Veuve, Donald 
De Voe, B'ernerd E. 
•Dexter, Parker H. 
Diaz, Vicente E. 
Dickerson, Joe M. 
Dickerson', Kendrick H. 
Dixon, George W. 
Dodds, Thomas 
Dolan, Daniel 
Doolittle, Clyde C. 
Douglas, Horace 
Dowell, Russell C. 
Downing, Lyman H. 
Downs, Russell V. 
Downs, Von D. 
Doyle, Arlington W. 
Doyle, David E. 
Dudley, Robert E. 
Dudrow, Charles E. 
Dugger, Raymond E. 
Duncan, Albert G. 
Dunlap, Bnrt C. 
Dutcher, Lester A. 



7 6 



Roster of Enlisted Men of the U. S. S. Pittsburg 



Duval. Franklin A. 
Dyer, Samson 
Eads, William D. 
Eastern, Donald Mac F. 
Eckel, Frederick C. 
Edens, Neil 
Egbert, Delance E. 
Ekard. Walter B. 
Elliott. Clifford L. 
Elliott. Floyd H. 
Elliott. James W. 
Elliott, William W. 
Ellis, Deward P. 
Ellison. Walter W. 
Eisner, Cloyde H. 

Elwood, George H. 

Embrey. Carl D. 

Endicott, Harry B. 

Erickson, Edgar W. 

Ernst. John L. 

Espy. Douglas B. 

Estavillo, Thomas 

Ethridge, Samuel R. 

Fabun. Robert C. 

Fang, Ah 

Farmer, Gilbert J. 

Farmer. George W. 

Farris. Cero B. 

Feehan, Walter P. 

Feith. John 

Felt. Carl I. 

Fenton, Lyell L. 

Ferguson. George A. 

Ferree, B. 

Ferrer, Felix 

Ferris. Allen H. 

Finch. Pearl R, 

Fienberg, Julius 

Finley, John J. 

Finucane. John W. 

Fisher, Eugene B. 

Fitzgerald. Paul D. 
Fle'hman, Ernest 
Flisher, Bryan 
Foesley. Walter L. 
Fontillas, Flaviano 
Fotte, Arlie H. 
Ford, Edward G. 
Ford, Lee B. 



Ford, Thomas M. 
Foreich, John 
Foster, Arthur 
Foster, AValter E. 
Frank, Cyrus E. 
Franklin, William C. 
Frazier, Jacob M., Jr. 
Froman, Lauren G. 
Frost, Warren T. 
Fuson, William G. 
Fyfe, Benjamin H. 
Gadberry. William J. 
Galvez. Alfredo 
Gannon, James A. , 
Garcia, Leopoldo E. 
Gardner, William E. 
Garland. Thomas E. 
Garmes, John 
Garren, James L. 
Garson. Frank B. H. 
Genge, Everett R. 
Gieser. Ralph H. 
Gilbert Wilbur McC. 

Gilchrist, Alexander 

Giles, Elige M. 

Gillett. Claude 

Glick, Benjamin 

Gloor, Howard F. 

Golding, Frederick B. 

Goldupp, Richard L. 

Congtwer, Burr H. 

Conzales, Gandencio 

Goodman, Jerome 

Gordon, Ralph T. 

Goree, Clinton F. 

Gould, Frank L. 

Go wan, Joseph H. 

Graham. Raymond J. 

Graves, Ora 

Graves, Paul W. 

Gray, William M. 

Gray, William P. 

Green, Newton A. 

Greene, Ralph E. 

Gregory, James G. 

Griffin* Henry E. 

Griffin, Lester E. 

Griffith, Hugh E. 

Grindle, Monroe 



Roster of Enlisted Men of the U. S. S. Pittsburg 



// 



Gronczeski, Roman J. 
Haggood, Wayne L. 
Halamuda, Ferdinand 
Halbert, Glenn W. 
Haley, Edward P. 
Hall, Andrew F. 
Hall, John W. 
Hall. Roy A. 
Halverson, John 
Hamblin, Roy R. 
Hamilton, William H. 
Hand, Herbert C. 
Harder, Salvador 
Harding, Leo L. 
Hardyman, Willis C. 
Hargreaves, Thurlow E. 
Harris, Frank C. 
Hawley, Melvin A. 
Haydon, Robert L. 
Hayes, Ernest McC. 
Hazelbaker, Herschel F. 
Hazell, Leland 
Hefe, Roman 
Heim, Bart J. 
Heitzenreder, Thomas F. 
Hendrickson, Edward D. 
Hencley, Alex 
Henderson, Roy 
Henry, Ross E. 
Herrmann, August J. 
Hersekorn, Julius 
Hertert, George 
Hickey, Jason 
Hicks, Frank C. 
Iiier, Edgar A. 
Hill, Albert J. 
Hill, Chester 
Hill, Willie E. 
Hill, William F. 
Hill, William 0. 
Hillyer, Marion D. 
Hinds, Herbert M. 
Hivanada. Anastaeio 
Hocking. Harry H. 
Hogan, Edward F. 
Hoosier, Charley F. 
Horan, Howard H. 
Horan. Walter F. 
Hornecker, Helmuth 



Horton, Homer J. 
Hortsman, Herschel J. 
Hosch, Delber C. 
Howard, Robert M. 
Hunt, John F. 
Hurley, Forrest F. 
Hyer, James E. 
Ingram, Fredrick G. 
Israel, Harry 
Jackson, J. M. 
James, Percy T. 
Jelsch, Antone, Jr. 
Jennette, John 
Jobbing, Joseph S. 
Johnson, Alexander L. 
Johnson, Allen A. 
Johnson, Earl 
Johnson, Edward L. 
Johnson, Irvin 
Johnson, John G. 
Johnson, Raymond 
Johnson, Thomas L. 
Johnston, John 
Jones, Charles C. 
Jones, Earl L. 
Jones, Haddon C. 
Jones, James P. 
Jones, Ray S. 
Jones, Rolland F. 
Jordan, Harry B. 
Jordan, Howard V. 
Jorgenson, Liland S. 
Jube, Vicente 
Jury, Walter E. 
Kapy, Edward N. 
Kashiwamura, Henry K. 
Kates, William C. 
Keaton. Thomas J. S. 
Keek, Fred, Jr. 
Kemp. John E. 
Kendrick, William H. 
Kennedy, Virgil C. 
Kershaw, James R. 
Ketcham, Gerad H. 
Keys, Wallace W. 
Kiely, James 
King, Glenn 
Kins, Jndson R. 
Kine. William 0. 



7« 



Roster of Enlisted Men of the U. S. S. Pittsburg 



Kin man, John D. 
Kinney, Paul D. 
Kleppinger, Albert C. 
Knowles, Roy E. 
Knowlton, Charles W. 
Kolstad, Roy W. 
Korp, Melvin L. 
Krause, Edward W. 
Kreh, Carl H. 
Kretz. Frank X. 
Kroll. Afton J. 
Krueger, Charles J. 
Krummes, Oscar S. 
Kruszka, Frank J. 
Kuava, Michael T. 
Kunimatz, Matsuo 
Kuth-e, Charles A. 
Kyle, James P. 
La France. Harry R. 
Lamm, William J. B. 
Lane Angus MacD. 
Lane. George V. 
Langlaud, John A. 
Larson. Louis A. 
Latimer. Emerson 
Latourelle. Henry P. 
Lawrence. James A. 
Lawson, Vernon T. 
Leathers. George A. 
LeBlane, Leo C. 
Ledbetter, Jesse H. 
Leerskov. Calvin J. 
Leidy. Floyd 
Leighton, Albert J. 
Leighton, Francis D. 
Lennox. James 
Leonard, Charlie L. 
Lillegard, Elmer II. 
Little, Elmer S. 
Littrell, Andrew J. 
Loggins, Reubin N. 
Loh, Ah 
Long. Edger H. 
Long. Reginald B'. 
Longwood, Charlesi L. 
Lorency, Joseph 
Lott. Frank W. 
Lotz. Lorin L. 
LoAverv, Jess 



Lozier, Chester A. 
Lundberg, John E. 
Ijyeke, Adolph N. 
Lynch, William P. 
MacLachlan, Kenneth A. 
Maghanoy, Anastacio 
Magistrado, Valentin 
Jlahan, James J. 
Mahan, Levi 
Maisonneuve, Albert L. 
Maker, Harry A., Jr. 
Malcolm, Roy A. 
Manglona, Vicente 
Marion, William V. 
Marks, C. W. 
Marschner, Henry 0. A. 
Marsh, James B. 
Martin, Clayton F. 
Martin, Frank 
Martin, James L. 
Mason. Alfred F. 
Mason, Peter 
Masotes, Florencio 
Mathis. Lee 
Manpin, Harold S. 
Maxedon Arthur A. 
Maxfield, Junius C. 
Meadows, Bolton W. 
Mcasell, Paul D. 
M'edalla, Vicente 
Mendoza, Benito 
Merriam, Roy S. 
Merritt, Harold S. 
M^eyer, Harry M.. 
Meyer, John M., Jr. 
M^eyer, Max H. 
Meyer. Roland L. 
Michcls, Joseph P. 
Middlemiss. Foster B. 
Middleton, Herbert G. 
Leonard, James R. 
Lentz, Earl A. 
Lewis, James R. 
Lewis, Millard F. 
Lewis, Ralph E. 
Lewis, Will L. 
Millar, Robert H. 
Milaya, Agripino 
Miller, Carl A. 



Roster of Enlisted Men of the U. S. S. Pittsburg 



79 



Miller, Chares W. 
Miller, David 
Miller, George E. 
Miller, Jasper C. 
Miller, John 
Miller, Max R. 
Miller, Tilman'S. 
Miller, William E. 
Miller, Virgil H. 
Mims, Benjamin F. 
Mims, John E. 
Mitchell, David R. 
Mitchell, Frank W. 
Molitor, Peter 
Moll, William B. 
Monroe, David L. 
Morton, James H. 
Montoya, Moises 
Moore, Francis 0. 
Moore, Ellis W. 
Morgan, Charles E. 
Moriarty, Daniel L 
Moriarty, George J. 
Morning, Frank W. 
Morris, Benjamin E. 
Morris, Jesse R. 
Morrison, Louie H. 
Morse, Richard G. 
Morrison, Curtis F. 
Mounger, Dick 
Moussier, Claud R. 
Mueller, Edmund F. A. 
Mulvihill, John J. 
Mims, Harry 
Murehison, Hugh R. 
Murphy. Charles 1 H. 
Murphy, Herbert D. 
Murphy, Patrick M. 
Murphy, Thomas E. 
Murray, John L. 
Myers, Chester A. 
McBeth, Ernest F. 
McCaffrey, Edward L. 
McCallick, Joseph T. 
McCarter, Jesse B. 
McCarter, Kellie 
McCarthy, Rogers 
McClary, Donald B'. 
McCollom, Oscar B. 



McCormick, Frank H. 
McCoy, Allison J. 
McDaniel, Jack 
McDaniel, Parker 0. 
McDonnell. William P. 
McEvers, Charles McK. 
McFadden. W. 
MeGowen, Yancy A. 
McKinney, Andrew S.. Jr. 
McMahan, John 0. 
McMenamin, James R. 
McNutt, Ira J. 
Nance, George P. 
Nelson, Andrew 
Nelson, James E. 
Nelson, James 0. 
Nelson, Vincent H. 
Neuhaus, George 
Neville, Edward W. 
Newcomb. Elmo E. 
Newton, Arthur T. 
Newton. Harry C. 
Nicholson, Harry A. 
Niemi. John V. 
Niemes, Charles L. 
Nolen, John R. 
Norris. Frank J. 
Nothwang, Ludwig F. 
Nyman, Harold W. 
Oakley. Perry E. 
Odell, Loren 0. 
Ogden, Roy N. 
Ogden, AV alter 
O'Hara. Bennie L. 
Olden, William 
Olsen, James 
Olszwski, Leo F. 
Olvina, Amado 
O'Reilly, Myron K. 
Overhauser, Harry R. 
Owens, John B. 
Oyler. Walter C. 
Padden, Robert H. 
Page, Alec W. 
Painter. Thomas G. 
Paloma. Gregorio 
Park, James (i. 
Parker. William D. 
Parsons, Elmer E. 



80 



Roster of Enlisted Men of the U. S. S. Pittsbw 



Paur, John J. 
Peck. Francis H. 
Peery. Wilbur F. 
Peevey, Joe L. 
Pemberton, Hugh W. 
Peninger, William T. 
Penny. Robert L. 
Perci field, Arley 
Perry, Oran 
Perry. Willie L. 
Peterman, William TT. 
Peters, Martin A. 

Peterson, Henry A. 
Peyton, Wesley G. 
Pierce, Clarence S. 

Pinkston, Harlie M. 

Ponferrada, Julian 

Porter. George 

Posvar, Victor B. 

Powell. Joseph C. 

Pratley, Henry H 

Preimer, Edward L. 

Priest. Ray 

Pringle, William E. 

Prvor, Vinson 

PuVdy. Charles II. 

Purk. Harry J. 

Pyles. William McK. 

Quinlan, Edward J. 

Raber. John 

Rabon, Ruben 

Rader. Tilden E. 

Raezler. August E. 

Raroque. Joaquin 

Rathbun. Lloyd M. 

Ray. Walter 

Reasoner, Raymond L. 

Reinpehl, Walter A. 

Reischman, Lawrence 

Renfro. Iss D. 

Reniseth, Edward 

Reyes. Leovigildo de los 

Reyes, Roman 

Reynold?.. Cyril R. 

Reynolds, John E. 

Reynolds, Mark D. 

Richardson, Eryl D. 
Richardson, Jesse V. 
Richmond, Edward L. 



Richter, Otto W. 
Rife, Robert F. 
Ring, Albert 
Ripley. Dow 
Rivers, James 
Roach, Charles A. 
Roberson, Milton A. 
Roberts, Thomas E. 
Robertson. Bibb B. 
Robinson, Alfred 
Robinson, Dollin L. 
Robison. Elmer E. 
Rogers, Daniel T. 
Rogers, Milton H. 
Rogers, Rupert F. 
Rojas. Conrado 
Roll, William G. 
Rome, George J. 
Rooney, Fred H. 
Rooney, James W. 
Rooney, John 
Rosa, Manuel C. J. 
Rose, Edward A. 
Rosenlind, John F. 
Ross. Benjamin J. 
Ro ;i s, Wasker 
Rothenberg, Merle E. 
Rowland, Otho II. 

Raw'ling, William D. 

Russell, John T. 

Russell. Robert W. 

Ryan, Harry S. 

Salla, Macario 

Salomon. Doretio 

Samson, Bernardino 

Sanders, Edward 

San Luis, Egmidio 

Sargent, John M. 

Sarin. Placido 

Sawyer, Rudolph 

Sayler, Alfie A. 

Schellhous, Francis L. 

Schmidt, Emil E. 

Schmidt, Karl F. 

Schneider, Alfred L. 

Schneidewind, Walter 

Schnorrenberg, Arthur A. 

Schuler, Haynes G. B. 

Schwander. August H. 



Roster of Enlisted Men of the U. S. S. Pittsburg 



Scroggin, James V. 
Scroggins, Hollis A. 
Self, Marion B. 
Sexton, Thomas G. 
Shacklett, Jesse G. 
Sharp, Lynne H. 
Sharrits, Ralph H. 
Shellman, Arthur 
Sheppard, Lee R. 
Sherrill, Loren J. 
Shirrel, William W. 
Sidnam. Raymond E. 
Simmons, R. B. 
Simon, George J. 
Simpson, Carl F. 
Sinnock, James W. 
Slater, Isaac H. 
Sloan, Alpha F. 
Sloan, Walter S. 
Small, Ernest 
Smith, J. D. 
Smith, Charles H. 
Smith, Cleavland H. 
Smith, Earl 0. 
Smith. Gerald D. 
Smith, John F. 
Smith, John L. 
Smith, Obert F. 
Smith, Ralph R. 
Smith. Thomas M., Jr. 
Smith, Virgel 
Smith, William M. 
Snelling, Charles C. 
Snider, D-elber T. 
Snyder, Don 
Snyder, John L. 
Sopher, Clyde 
Sorells, Sam J. 
Soronn, Pedro 
Sparkman, Foster 
Sparks, Troy W. 
Spaulding, Jasper 
Spence, William S. 
Sprague, Richard L. 
Sprig gs, Hugh A. 
Starr, Ronald D. 
Stearns, Clyde S. 
Stephens, James F. 
Stephenson, Heber F. 



Stevens, John E. 
Stewart, LeRoy C. 
Stewart, Oscar W. 
Stewart, Ray E. 
Stinson, Melvin N. 
Stockett, Walter B. 
Stockton, Farris E. 
Stokes, Arthur W. 
Stokes, Roy 
Stoner, Richard S. 
Storm, Frank S. 
Stoy, August L. 
Straube, Herman A. 
Street, David P. 
Styner, Warren A. 
Sullivan, Florence I. 
Swallow, George M. 
Swasey, Henry 
Swenson, Swen P. 
Swinyer, William W. 
Taggart, Lawrence G. 
Tatum, John R. 
Taylor, Larkin K. 
Templeton, Carlos D. 
Terry, John T. 
Teschner, Dick T. 
Teubner. Ernest W. 
Theisen. William H. 
Thienes, Earl E. 
Thomas, Horace K. 
Thomas 1 , Marvin 
Thomessen, Peder 
Thompson, Arthur L. 
Thompson, Clarence L. 
Thompson, John L. 
Thorlton, Andy L. 
Thorp, Rowland C. 
Tierney, John R. 
Timmons, Dale 
Todd, George W. 
Toups, William J. 
Tow, Ah 
Towns. Leslie E. 
Trammell, Charlie B. 
Troutman, Frederick D. 
Tsuai. Jon 
Tucker. Joe E. 
Turner, Lloyd P. 
Turnquist, Herbert E. 



82 Roster of Enlisted Men of the U. S. S. Pittsburg 

AVilber, Ben 
Wiley, John 
Wilkerson, Vonner L. 
Wilkin, James E. 
Wilkinson, Edward W. 
Willette. Wendell M. 
AVilliams, R. A. 
Williams, Edward J. 
AVilliams, Edward L. 
Williams, Glen E. 
Williams, Jack M. 
AVilliams, John L. 
Williamson, Jasper N. 
Wilson, Chester I. 
AVilson. John 
AVilson, John I. 
AVilson, AValter 0. 
Winn, Ernest C. 
Winterscheidt, Paul C. 
Wolf, Robert 
Womaek. James E. 
Womack, Jr.. Sterling P. 
Woodard, Fay E. 
Woodill. George D. 
Woodruff, Frank C. 
Wood, William L. 
Wood, George 0. 
Wood. John E. 
Wood, Jasper G. 

AVorcester, John C. 

AVorrell, Morris F. 

Wray, Clinton W. 

Wrede, Ernest E. 

Wright, George W. 

AVribel, Leopold 

Wyatt. Homer S. 

Yates, Benjamin F. 

Young, Alphonse E. 

Young, Claudis D. 

Yount, Ray H. 

Zahrt, Leroy 

Zie&che, Bruno 



Twining, Homer L. 
Uchida, Segetsugue 
A r anderlippe. Bertman 
A r andiver, Archie L. 
Van Dyke, Harry C. 
Vanlderstine, Raymond H. 
Vanderwhite, Leon B. 
A r elasco. Florencio 
Venancio, Pereyra 
Viala, Juan 
Yillaciete, Enalalio 
Vinson, James AT. 
Vukieh, Lawrence A. 
Waldo, AValter E. 
Waldrip, Sylvain 
Walker, Earl 

Wallace. William R. 

Walls, Roy L. 
Wandel, Peter S. 
AVard, Clarence MoC. 

Ward, Jesse E. 

Ward, Jesse Ah 

Waterman. Myron H. 

AVathen. Harvey E. 

Watson, Albert H. 

Watson, Gwynne L. 

Watts. John 

Weaver. Jesse Y. 

Webb, John H. 

Weber, John P. 

Weddle, Claude AV. 

AYeir, Ralph K. 

Wells, Bert B. 

AVentworth. George 

Westmoreland, Henry S. 

AVhalen, Luke 

White, John P. 

AVhitehead. Benjamin 

AVhitesell. Earl B. 

Whiteside, Moss F. 

Whittle, John 
Wickholm, John F. 
AViest. George J. 



